(n.) The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.
Example Sentences:
(1) The sequence data were used to infer phylogeny by using a maximum-parsimony method, an evolutionary-distance method, and the evolutionary-parsimony method.
(2) The only inconsistency in the mariner gene phylogeny is in the placement of the Zaprionus mariner sequence, which clusters with mariner from Drosophila teissieri and Drosophila yakuba in the melanogaster species subgroup.
(3) The unique structure of these cilia has systematic and phylogenetic significance for the Acoela, and it is argued that ultrastructural characters in general, including characters of organelles, can be validly applied to the phylogeny and systematics of the Metazoa.
(4) In general, more than five loci are needed to resolve the species phylogeny.
(5) Genetic control of hormone receptors is analyzed by studying changes in their characteristics during the ontogeny, phylogeny, and malignant transformation of cells.
(6) Ecological changes on the main stem of the phylogeny are abrupt and associated character states consequently well differentiated.
(7) The data about genomic and protein sequences could provide bases to complement or expand the rRNA-based phylogeny.
(8) Therefore a primitive symmetrodont molar pattern was probably present in the phylogeny of pantotherian and tribosphenic molars.
(9) Recently published amino acid sequences are compared to those of other cytochromes c. Molecular phylogenies constructed by using an ancestral sequence method are compared to the classical biological view of invertebrate evolution.
(10) Cladistic analysis of likely phylogenies within the neurotrophins shows BDNF and NT-4 to be most closely related whereas NGF may be the sister group to NT-3, BDNF, and NT-4.
(11) The most interesting results of single gene phylogenies have been the anomalies, such as insulin in hystricomorphs or cytochrome c in the rattlesnake.
(12) Legitimacy of the symbiont transfer theory removes the constraint of interpreting presence of cellulolytic protozoa as a synapomorphy between Cryptocercidae and Isoptera, with potential impact on objective resolution of dictyopteran phylogeny.
(13) Phylogenetic trees based on aa sequences and nt sequences are similar, but not completely congruent with rRNA gene-based phylogenies.
(14) Differentiation of various areas of the proximal part of the nephron proceded in phylogeny with different intensity and the maximum specialization was characteristic of the most proximal portion of this part of the nephron.
(15) Three hypotheses are proposed on the relationship between the evolution of the 5.8S rRNA and the phylogeny of Diptera.
(16) The resulting tree is compared with the eubacterial phylogeny built on 16S rRNA catalog comparison.
(17) It is now clear that phagocytically stimulated hemocytes of several molluscan species can generate reactive forms of oxygen; the relevance of this fact for the phylogeny of killing systems operative in leukocytes is discussed.
(18) Given the discrepancies generated by this classification by analogy, we evaluated a classification using a phylogeny congruence analysis of the compositional relatedness of vertebrate PK's.
(19) In the case of explicit morphological phylogenies, ecological and behavioural data can be integrated with them and it may then be possible to decide whether morphological characters are likely to have been elicited by the environments through which the clade has passed.
(20) We have undertaken the construction of a broad molecular phylogeny of protists through the comparison of 28S rRNA molecules.
Recapitulate
Definition:
(v. t.) To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize.
(v. i.) To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) A DNA fragment containing rat POMC 5'-flanking sequences from -323 to -34 recapitulated both basal pituitary cell-specific and hormonally stimulated expression in adult mice when fused to a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter.
(2) A certain recapitulation of the ontogenetic development of neuronal differentiation in PNETs is given by the fact that chromogranin A immunoreactivity can regularly be seen already in poorly differentiated neurons and synaptophysin in well-differentiated ones.
(3) Certain features of ALS, PD, and AD are recapitulated in three animal models described in this review.
(4) When developing cultures of Dictyostelium discoideum are disaggregated at any time prior to cell wall formation and challenged to reinitiate development, amoebae will progress through the original sequence of morphogenetic stages, but the second time through they will do so in roughly one-tenth the original time, a process known as 'rapid recapitulation'.
(5) An examination was made of the relationship of length of abuse to (a) suicidal ideation reported by or of the boy, (b) threats by the offender directed at the victim, and (c) a history of recapitulation of sexual abuse.
(6) In some areas of the stratified structures, the basal layer recapitulated the K19 expression pattern of the oral region from which they had originated.
(7) We suggest that the long process of painting 'The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke' recapitulated and made restitution for the murder, encapsulating it so that compulsive expression of violent ideation was largely reduced, allowing other memories and activities to be engaged and expressed.
(8) In the recapitulation the author discusses the effect of the parasitic way of life of the larval forms of Fasciola hepatica on their energy metabolism.
(9) In contrast, it is normal in all aspects of growth, in the sequence of morphogenetic stages, in spore formation, in the capacity to rapidly recapitulate morphogenesis, and in the erasure event and subsequent program of dedifferentiation.
(10) The experimental infections were fatal on the 8th and 9th days postinoculation in the orally and intramuscularly inoculated birds, respectively, and produced hemorrhages and necrotic lesions that recapitulated those of the index case.
(11) 2) In light of the usual recapitulation of earlier conflicts during pregnancy as noted by drive theory, perinatal loss may lead to an intensification of intrapsychic conflicts.
(12) The study shows that in the hamster tracheal epithelium, the stages of normal fetal development and regeneration following injury, which have been characterized previously in vivo, are recapitulated in vitro.
(13) The past twenty years' achievements in behavioural and pharmacological treatments for agoraphobia are briefly recapitulated.
(14) Histochemical peculiarities of the epidermal protective zone in fetuses recapitulate the epidermal properties of water vertebrates.
(15) Recent advances in our knowledge of mechanisms of control of proliferation suggest that events occurring in adult animals may recapitulate portions of the developmental biology of the smooth muscle cell.
(16) The initiation of the Kaposi lesion thus may be an abnormal recapitulation of the coupling of venous and lymphatic systems which occurs during embryonic growth.
(17) In result of all findings will it be necessary, that the disease of diphtheria must be recapitulated.
(18) Phylogenetic data indicate that the complete psysiological and behavioral manifestations of sleep are unique to homeotherms; furthermore "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" in the parallel development of slow wave sleep and thermoregulation as exemplified in the opossum.
(19) Comparing the pattern of intraoperative ischemia with the chronic ambulatory preoperative pattern, we found that, under conditions of strict hemodynamic control, intraoperative ischemia apparently recapitulated the preoperative pattern, and that the stresses of anesthesia and surgery contributed less than previously thought.
(20) The recapitulation of that experience calls attention to the fragility of hospital planning, the dangers that underemployed physicians will overtreat patients, the advantages of using nurses as patient care managers in hospitals, and the desirability of not operating too close to the margin.