(1) The change, time to peak and peak pial venous pressures were the same in all groups.
(2) Simultaneously, reactivity of pial arteriole was observed and its diameter was measured through the cranial window using intravital microscope and width analyzer.
(3) Effects of topical application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on pial arteriolar diameter and cerebral prostanoid synthesis were examined in newborn pigs.
(4) The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on the reactivity of pial arteries to local metabolic factors was tested in chloralose-anesthetized cats before or after a period of transient ischemia induced by air embolism.
(5) Locations of propagating CSD, dilating pial arteriole, and increased rCBF were always closely associated spatiotemporally.
(6) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied using intravital fluorescent microscopy of pial vessels and fluorescein-labeled dextrans (FITC-dextran, mol wt = 70,000, 20,000, and 4,000 daltons).
(7) The insensitivity of the alpha adrenergic receptor and the poor responsiveness of the muscle to its activation with agonist concentrations below 10(-4) M can probably account for the small contractile responses to nerve stimulation of large pial arteries in spite of their abundant innervation.
(8) Glial cells having radial fibres directed towards the pial surface were found to be present continuously in the internal granular layer during cerebellar maturation.
(9) The extensive pial anastomotic network provided relative sparing of the most peripheral components of the lateral corticospinal tracts.
(10) The present study was done to see if such a phenomenon existed in the adult rat and if it could be demonstrated at the level of the pial arterioles.
(11) Taking into account recent experimental works, the model assumes that oxygen acts on cerebral vessels through an indirect mechanism, mediated by the release of two metabolic substances (adenosine and H+) from tissue, and that any change in perivascular concentration of these substances affects the diameter of both the medium and small pial arteries as well as of intracerebral arterioles.
(12) Astrocyte endfeet of the GLM became irregular in contour, protruding in a fern-leaf fashion into the pial connective tissue.
(13) Pial arteries of cat showed a well-developed supply of CGRP-positive nerve fibres.
(14) Pial arteries are highly sensitive to noradrenaline, adrenaline, histamine, serotonin, rapid stretching, and potassium ions.
(15) After removal of the dura mater, implantation of a closed cranial window, and intravenous injection of fluorescein, three-dimensional reconstructions of cortical capillaries were performed down to a depth of 250 microns below the pial surface.
(16) A newly developed technique for continuous measurement of the electrical resistance of the microvascular endothelium was applied to the pial venules of the frog subjected to severe hypoxia and inhibition of endothelial ATP-production by means of cyanide (1 mM) and iodo-acetate (1 mM) for periods of 15 min.
(17) Pial arterial diameter was determined using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined using laser flowmetry.
(18) Semithin sections tangential to the pial surface were obtained at sampling intervals 50 micron apart throughout the depth of the left visual cortex.
(19) Previous studies have demonstrated a significant pressure gradient from carotid artery to pial or middle cerebral arteries.
(20) Averaged spinal cord surface evoked potentials to peripheral nerve electrical stimulation were obtained from various restricted loci on the pial surface of the cervical and lumbo-sacral spinal cord.
Prial
Definition:
(n.) A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.