What's the difference between pigment and pyocyanin?
Pigment
Definition:
(n.) Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.
(n.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.
(n.) Wine flavored with species and honey.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results also suggest that the dispersed condition of pigment in the melanophores represents the "resting state" of the melanophores when they are under no stimulation.
(2) Differences between the albino vs pigmented strains were observed following injections of saline.
(3) Two lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were used to compare domains within the interphotoreceptor matrices (IPM) of the cat and monkey, two species where the morphological relationship between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors is distinctly different.
(4) Uptake studies with 22Na were performed in cultured bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, in order to characterize mechanisms of Na+ transport.
(5) CW Nd:YAG light transmitted by fiber optic cable and sapphire crystal was applied transsclerally to the ciliary body of pigmented and albino rabbits.
(6) The evolution and function of multiple forms of a given photosynthetic pigment in vivo are discussed.
(7) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(8) Both categories frequently showed pellagrous pigmentation and mucocutaneous signs of B-vitamin deficiency.
(9) We show that, in digitonin-permeabilized goldfish xanthophores, the pigment organelles can be induced to disperse by a combination of cAMP, ATP, and xanthophore cytosol.
(10) A red pigment produced by the actinomycete strain B 4358 was identified as butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine (4) by 1H, 13C and correlation via long range coupling NMR spectra.
(11) Two unusual types of oral mucosal pigmentation are reported.
(12) These results are consistent with the idea that RPE pigment dispersion is triggered by a substance that diffuses from the retina at light onset.
(13) Rhabdomeres are substantially smaller and visual pigment is nearly eliminated when Drosophila are carotenoid-deprived from egg to adult.
(14) It is hypothesized that deposition of bilirubin in tissues takes place as an ongoing event, the deposited pigment being eliminated by bilirubin oxidase in healthy infants.
(15) The calculated separation between the centers of these two pigments (using an extended version of the exciton theory) is about 10 A, the pigments' molecular planes are tilted by about 20 degrees, and their N1-N3 axes are rotated by 150 degrees relative to each other.
(16) We have investigated enhancement of pigmentation in inbred C3H- mice using tail skin as a model for testing the effects of phosphorylated DOPA (DP) and ultraviolet radiation.
(17) Although mucocutaneous pigmentation was not present in two of the three patients, the features of intestinal polyposis are consistent with those of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
(18) Cytochromes b, c(555), possibly c(1), cytochrome oxidase, a carbon monoxide-binding pigment, and flavoproteins were detectable in the spectra of both intact cells and mitochondria.
(19) The addition of alcohol to the drinking-water resulted in the formation of stones rich in pigment.
(20) The total number of neuronal cell bodies was 25% lower in AIDS (P less than 0.01) than in 12 age-matched controls, although the volume density of neuronal melanin did not differ from that of controls because the percentage of pigmented cell bodies was higher (P less than 0.01) and the cell bodies were more fully packed with melanin in AIDS.
Pyocyanin
Definition:
(n.) A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus pyocyaneus).
Example Sentences:
(1) Pyocyanine did not interfere with interleukin 2 synthesis, nor did it affect the lytic stage of cytotoxic effector T cells.
(2) Pyocyanine inhibited lymphocyte stimulation induced by specific antigens, the lectin concanavalin A and the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, suggesting that its inhibitory effect is not dependent on interference with the T cell antigen receptor complex itself.
(3) These data indicate the existence of diverse, proinflammatory interactions of pyocyanin and 1-hp with human phagocytes, which may intensify neutrophil-mediated tissue damage during P. aeruginosa infections.
(4) In superfused precontracted strips of rabbit aorta, methylene blue (MeB) or pyocyanin (Pyo, 1-hydroxy-5-methyl phenazinum betaine) at concentrations of 1-10 microM inhibited relaxations induced by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) or 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1).
(5) These results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa resists pyocyanin because of limited redox cycling of this compound and that under conditions favoring pyocyanin production, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities increase.
(6) Green pigment (Pyocyanin) produced strains showed a strong inhibitory effect against MRSA and MSSA respectively.
(7) In contrast to pyocyanin, mass spectrometric data were readily obtained for 1-hydroxyphenazine, using direct probe analysis as well as with gas and liquid chromatography inlet systems.
(8) Using quin-2, we showed that pyocyanine did not interfere with the mitogen-induced increase in cytosolic-free Ca2+.
(9) Pigmentation patterns that were found to characterize the various mutant classes implicated precursor-product relationships, and a biochemical scheme covering the terminal reactions of pyocyanine biosynthesis is proposed.
(10) Pyocyanine was isolated by chloroform extraction of cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and purified by thin layer chromatography.
(11) In contrast to the dual effects of pyocyanine on lymphocyte response, lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor release by monocytes was markedly enhanced by low as well as high concentrations of pyocyanine.
(12) Pure pyocyanin was prepared from 120 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens.
(13) [14C]pyocyanin was taken up by both Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa, though more slowly by the latter.
(14) Rof further study, examples of Proteus species were selected; the new approach was based on mixing procedure between P. aeruginosa (also pyocyanine) and Proteus species for inhibition of haemolytic activity.
(15) This strain utilized kerosene as the only carbon source of energy and produced a high concentration of pyocyanine in the culture medium.
(16) The resistant strain does not produce the pigment pyocyanine and the addition of pyocyanine to this strain eliminates the resistance factor.
(17) Analysis of IL 2 production and IL 2 receptor expression clearly showed that pyocyanine inhibits the production of this essential lymphokine as well as the expression of IL 2 receptors on the T cell membrane.
(18) The results reported here suggest that P. aeruginosa culture supernatant and purified pyocyanine may interfere with cellular immune responses that may be necessary for eradication of chronic infection with P. aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis.
(19) Antioxidant defenses could also reduce the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to pyocyanin.
(20) The other anthranilate synthase enzyme, encoded by phnA and phnB, participates in the synthesis of pyocyanin, the characteristic phenazine pigment of the organism.