(1) Ultrastructural studies of Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH26 revealed two distinctive pilus types: "straight" pili appear as brittle, rod-like filaments, whereas "flexible" pili are supple and curvilinear.
(2) Phagocytic killing in the presence of each monoclonal antibody paralleled the increase in chemiluminescence, suggesting that for this variant killing was an inevitable consequence of the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with gonococci opsonized with anti-pilus antibodies.
(3) These results show for the first time the role of a specific pilus structure in colonization of the human intestine by V. cholerae O1 and exemplify the significance of a genetic regulon in pathogenesis.
(4) The relative affinity of these peptides for anti-EDP208 pilus antibodies was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Fab fragment of anti-EDP208 pilus immunoglobulin G. From these results we established that the antigenic region of this peptide was the N-terminal pentapeptide, N-acetyl-Thr-Asp-Leu-Leu-Ala, and the key residues responsible for the antibody-antigen interaction are the N-acetyl-Thr1, Leu3, and Leu4.
(5) The antigenic surface-associated colonization factor of E. coli strain H-10407 has been further characterized: this pilus-like antigen is produced under conditions of growth that repress the production of common pili of E. coli.
(6) The degree of S-pilin processing and the levels of membrane-associated pilin varied among the different classes of mutants, suggesting that each was blocked at a distinct step of pilus biogenesis.
(7) At the basis of each pilus, a cell wall differentiation was observed appearing, in face-on-view, as a ring-like structure made up of subunits, and in side-on view as a hollow cylinder penetrating through the cell wall.
(8) Using Western blot analysis of the immunizing pilus and its cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments, IgG antibody to pilin was detected before immunization in all individuals.
(9) K99+, 987P+, and type 1 pilus+ bacteria could be prevented from adhering to epithelial cells by Fab fragments specific for K99, 987P, or type 1 pili, respectively.
(10) One recombinant pilus was shown to elicit antibodies against the synthetic peptide in immunized rats.
(11) A purified Gal-Gal pilus vaccine prevented (P less than 0.05) subsequent colonization by a challenge wild-type strain that exhibited homologous pili.
(12) These results showed that trbC function is essential to the F plasmid conjugative transfer system and suggested that the TrbC protein participates in F-pilus assembly.
(13) These observations may indicate a possible evolutionary relationship(s) of plasmids unrelated by the criteria of incompatibility, pilus phage specificity, or plasmid host range.
(14) The presence of an invertible element (Min) is suggested which enables the formation of conjugative pili at 30 degrees C, but switches off the pilus formation at 37 degrees C incubation temperature.
(15) Three classes of pili, alpha, beta and gamma of ascending sub-unit size were identified among the 7 pilus antigen serogroups.
(16) A high titre of pilus antibodies was obtained by immunizing rabbits with mutants whose pili had lost their ability to retract into the cell.
(17) Earlier studies have shown that the majority of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections which possess a D-mannose-resistant adhesin contain gene sequences homologous to the pap pilus gene sequences encoded on the recombinant plasmid pRHU845.
(18) Like R100, R62 prevented transfer, pilus formation, and surface exclusion and, therefore, probably inhibits expression of the transfer operon traA through traI.
(19) The pilS1 locus contains six tandem pilus gene copies linked by a 39 bp repeat sequence also present in the expression loci.
(20) This mutant no longer produced a 20.5-kDa protein (TcpA) that we show is the major subunit of a V. cholerae pilus.
Pinus
Definition:
(n.) A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.
Example Sentences:
(1) SDS and C12 do not seem to interfere with enzyme activities at the beginning of the germination of Pinus pinea and Triticum durum seeds.
(2) A possibility to construct a genetic map of the yeast Pichia pinus MH4 is demonstrated on the basis of tetrad analysis.
(3) The genome appeared essentially colinear with that of Pinus radiata, for which a map has previously been published.
(4) A study was made of the effects of starvation of Pichia pinus, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodosporidium toruloides on their uptake of D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
(5) The psbA gene, encoding the D1 protein of photosystem II, was found to be duplicated in the chloroplast genome of two pine species, Pinus contorta and P. banksiana.
(6) Callus and cell suspensions of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus taeda fixed in glutaraldehyde:acrolein and then OsO4, followed by epoxy embedding, were sectioned 0.5 mum thick, stained on a glass slide with ethanolic Sudan black B at 60 C as described by Bronner, and then mounted in Karo syrup.
(7) The method has been successfully applied to the isolation and purification of RNA from pine (Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus mugo Turr.
(8) The study was carried out on nuclei isolated from the root meristem of Pinus silvestris.
(9) Commercial lignins suppressed the growth of influenza A virus infecting MDCK cells, and the RNA-dependent RNA synthesis, as efficiently as the high-molecular weight fractions extracted from pine cone of Pinus parviflora Sieb.
(10) We have generated a genomic P1 bacteriophage library using Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) DNA.
(11) A new purification procedure for isocitrate lyase from Pinus pinea is reported.
(12) The dynamics of growth processes was studied in the integument and nucellus of Pinus silvestris during the year of fertilization.
(13) Isozyme phenotypes are described for 45 structural loci and 1 modifier locus in bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don,) and segregation data are presented for a subset of 31 polymorphic loci from 19 enzyme systems.
(14) When we used washed chitin from crab shells as an affinity medium to isolate a lectin from Pinus strobus L. (eastern white pine) ovules, we found that a substance having a strong capacity to agglutinate red blood cells was eluted from the chitin during a weak acid desorption step.
(15) The peaks of many free amino acids in Pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3) were found in February, but in Pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) the peaks of free amino acids were observed in May and from February to April.
(16) The effects of exogenous growth factors (indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin and steroidal hormones (estrone, estradiol and testosterone on the germination pattern of Pinus pinea seeds were studied.
(17) During our investigation on the effect of some fatty acids on the germination of Pinus pinea seeds (Vincenzini et al., 1973), we noted a marked decrease of G6PDH activity when octanoate or oleate were added to the culture medium.
(18) Populations of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were studied in 6 young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in South Carolina, USA.
(19) Pisolithus has also been reported growing under natural conditions in association with three additional species of Betula, two species of Eucalyptus, nine species of Pinus, and eight species of Quercus, Populus tremuloides, Pseudotsuga grandidenta, and Salix humilis.
(20) Their characterization is based on the analysis of single particles isolated from Pinus Sylvestris needles.