(1) The pinnate structure of the temporal muscle results from the internal tendons, which attach to the coronoid process.
(2) The lengths and pinnation angles of muscle fibers in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle have recently been measured in freely moving cats [Hoffer et al., Progr.
(3) This region appeared to be composed of extrafusal fibers that were shorter and of more oblique pinnation than those in other regions.
(4) The loss of fiber force due to (pinnate, not equivalent) angulation is compensated for by the reduced shortening of fibers in multipinnate arrays.
(5) They are important in those groups of muscles which pass over major joints with changed courses or manifest pronounced pinnation with different courses of their septa.
(6) Conversely, the hamstrings, with small pinnation angles, appeared to be designed to permit large excursions.
(7) The suggestion may also apply to the development of the pinnate structure of muscles of higher vertebrates.
(8) Fiber length and angulation in the complex M. adductor mandibulae externus 2 of a lizard were measured stereotactically; these values correlate well with the hypothesis that the muscle shows equivalence and demonstrate that angulation for pinnation is less constant.
(9) Classical pinnate muscles contain many relatively short fibers positioned in parallel but at an angle to the whole muscle, reducing the per fiber force contribution.
(10) The medial pterygoid muscle with its 7 Sehnenspiegel has the most complex pinnate structure.
(11) The differences in angulation and length observed for the fibers of anatomical muscles may reflect two distinct mechanical requirements: arrangement for pinnation, reflecting an increase in physiological cross-section and arrangement for equivalent placement of sarcomeres, possibly associated with coordination.
(12) The understanding of intermediate architecture, including issues of compartmentation, pinnation, and concatenation, remains more elusive, as some morphologically distinct muscles may be functionally equivalent.
(13) The basic pinnate structures caused by Sehnenspiegel in the jaw muscles are already present in newborn animals.
(14) The medial head contains fewer type I fibers and is composed of relatively longer myofibers (15-20 mm long), also arranged in a pinnate fashion but less heavily invested with connective tissue.
(15) Therefore, if twisting has been minimized in New World monkeys as suggested by their thin corpora, other changes in the craniofacial musculoskeletal complex, such as different muscle recruitment or pinnation patterns, may be responsible.
(16) This region is largely composed of short fibers (5-7 mm long) arranged in a pinnate fashion and heavily invested with connective tissue.
(17) Three architectural patterns that deserve discussion are the classical arrangement of fibers in pinnate patterns, the more recent assumption of sarcomere equivalence, and the issue of compartmentation.
(18) Correlation of the m. triceps surae parts and degree of its pinnateness do not reveal any definite differences in connection with the complexion.
(19) Postnatal development of the masticatory musculature takes place on the basis of the pinnation existing prior to birth and consists in secondary pinnation.
(20) The PCSA of each muscle was calculated as muscle volume times the cosine of the angle of fiber pinnation divided by fiber length, where published fiber length:muscle length ratios were used to estimate fiber lengths.
Trunk
Definition:
(n.) The stem, or body, of a tree, apart from its limbs and roots; the main stem, without the branches; stock; stalk.
(n.) The body of an animal, apart from the head and limbs.
(n.) The main body of anything; as, the trunk of a vein or of an artery, as distinct from the branches.
(n.) That part of a pilaster which is between the base and the capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column.
(n.) That segment of the body of an insect which is between the head and abdomen, and bears the wings and legs; the thorax; the truncus.
(n.) The proboscis of an elephant.
(n.) The proboscis of an insect.
(n.) A long tube through which pellets of clay, p/as, etc., are driven by the force of the breath.
(n.) A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for containing clothes or other goods; especially, one used to convey the effects of a traveler.
(n.) A flume or sluice in which ores are separated from the slimes in which they are contained.
(n.) A large pipe forming the piston rod of a steam engine, of sufficient diameter to allow one end of the connecting rod to be attached to the crank, and the other end to pass within the pipe directly to the piston, thus making the engine more compact.
(n.) A long, large box, pipe, or conductor, made of plank or metal plates, for various uses, as for conveying air to a mine or to a furnace, water to a mill, grain to an elevator, etc.
(v. t.) To lop off; to curtail; to truncate; to maim.
(v. t.) To extract (ores) from the slimes in which they are contained, by means of a trunk. See Trunk, n., 9.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is likely that trunk mobility is necessary to maintain integrity of SI joint and that absence of such mobility compromises SI joint structure in many paraplegics.
(2) When subjects centered themselves actively, or additionally, contracted trunk flexor or extensor muscles to predetermined levels of activity, no increase in trunk positioning accuracy was found.
(3) A triphasic pattern was evident for the neck moments including a small phase which represented a seating of the headform on the nodding blocks of the uppermost ATD neck segment, and two larger phases of opposite polarity which represented the motion of the head relative to the trunk during the first 350 ms after impact.
(4) The same dose of clonidine evoked a much larger drop in blood pressure in another group of rats in which an equialent increase in blood pressure was produced by bilateral section of the vagosympathetic trunks and occlusion of both carotid arteries.
(5) Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the main pulmonary trunk results in myocardial ischemia or infarction, and may be a cause of death in the first months of life.
(6) Proper maintenance of body orientation was defined to be achieved if the net angular displacement of the head-and-trunk segment was zero during the flight phase of the long jump.
(7) In 1 patient there was concomitant aneurysmal dilatation of the brachiocephalic trunk.
(8) In anesthetized cats, the enhancement of sympathetic activity and increase of the blood pressure in exclusion of afferents (section of vagosympathetic trunks and clamping of common carotid arteries) as well as the disappearance of the activity in enhanced afferentation, were shown to be transient and to disappear within a few minutes-scores of minutes in spite of the going on deafferentation or enhancement of afferentation.
(9) Contact guidance has been suggested to direct NC cells ventrally in the trunk, but this has been subject to doubt (see Newgreen and Erickson, 1986, Int.
(10) This compared favorably with similar patients with melanoma arising either in the trunk or the extremity.
(11) This was true even when the locations of low resistance areas along the dorsal trunk were compared to only those vertebral palpatory findings rated as "severe."
(12) With the use of the method Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test II (CHEST II), the potential neuropeptides L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (MIF), cyclo(1-aminocyclo-pentanecarbonyl-L-alanyl)[cyclo(Acp-Ala)] and cyclo(glycyl-L-leucyl)[Cyclo(Gly-Leu)] were tested in the critical developmental periods of d 1.5 to 4 of chick embryogenesis in order to objectively examine their undesirable interactions with the developing morphogenetic systems of the brain, eye, face, body wall, limbs, trunk and heart.
(13) It occurred chiefly in the upper and lower extremities (40 cases) and less frequently in the trunk (11 cases) and the head and neck region (eight cases).
(14) In males, the predominant site was in the head, neck and trunk while in females it was in the lower limbs Clark level V was found in 35.6% of the cases.
(15) One patient harbored a basilar trunk aneurysm, 1 an aneurysm of the proximal posterior cerebral artery, 3 an aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery, and 10 an aneurysm at the basilar tip.
(16) Microautoradiography showed that melanin-containing cells in the trunk and head kidney and in the olfactory rosettes also accumulated high amounts of radioactivity.
(17) The cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) was split into two bundles.
(18) The affected twin had classical loss of sc fat from her face, upper arms, and trunk as well as associated hypocomplementemia, microscopic hematuria, and a borderline oral glucose tolerance test without hyperinsulinism.
(19) Secretory function of the operated stomach was studied in 188 patients after trunk and selective vagotomy with distal resection and pyloroplasty of various extent.
(20) The relatively small reservoir and the maintenance of a minimum flow of water on the trunk river means the plant will work on average at barely 40% of its 11,200MW capacity.