(n.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of Radicle.
(n.) A down feather.
(n.) The aftershaft of a feather. See Illust. under Feather.
(n.) One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.
Example Sentences:
(1) Increased transcription rates were observed within 5 min after application of auxins to excised plumules, and half-maximal to maximal transcription rates were achieved by 15 min after application of auxins.
(2) Nuclear proteins extracted from soybean plumules were shown to bind double-stranded oligonucleotides homologous to AT-rich sequences in the 5' flanking regions of soybean beta-conglycinin, lectin, leghemoglobin and heat shock genes.
(3) The chick of the DTW mutant shows cream yellow plumules similar to those of the White Leghorn chick.
(4) The abundance of phyA RNA1 in the plumule and hook regions was 3-5-fold higher than that of RNA2, whereas the ratio of their abundance was approximately unity in other regions.
(5) In the growing pea seedling (7 days old), about 3% of the total activity was in the plumule, 9% in the root and the remainder in the cotyledons.
(6) The rates of transcription of the auxin-responsive sequences were 10- to 100-fold greater with nuclei isolated from auxin-treated plumules than with those from untreated plumules.
(7) In both the root and the plumule the activity on a wet- or a dry-weight basis was highest in the growing tip.
(8) Nuclei isolated from excised soybean plumules that were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were active in transcription of four auxin-regulated genes or DNA sequences, which have been described previously (G. Hagen, A. Kleinschmidt, and T. Guilfoyle, Planta 162:147-153, 1984).
(9) The transcriptional response was also observed with hypocotyls of intact soybean seedlings and hypocotyl sections, as well as with green bean and mung bean plumules that were treated with 2,4-D. Other auxins, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid, also induced the transcriptional response.
(10) Significant differences in some agronomical characters were achieved among somaclones of seed and plumule meristem origin.
(11) Swollen down plumules, an embryonic lethal condition characterized by an enlargement of the dermal pulp cavity of down feathers, has been observed in a subline of turkeys.
(12) Phenotypic variation of the disorder is expressed in the number of pterylae that contain the abnormal down plumules.
Seedling
Definition:
(n.) A plant reared from the seed, as distinguished from one propagated by layers, buds, or the like.
Example Sentences:
(1) In aqueous solution, N-substituted isoxazolin-5-one derivatives, which occur in high amounts in seedlings of the tribe Vicieae, can be shown to undergo a proton exchange at C-4, indicative of their aromatic character.
(2) The PKABA1 transcript can also be induced by supplying low concentrations of ABA, and coordinate increases in ABA levels and PKABA1 mRNA occur when seedlings are water-stressed.
(3) Most definitive results were obtained when seedlings were ground in the presence of sand and in a medium containing sorbitol.
(4) Germinal excisions resulted in fully green seedlings.
(5) There were no detectable differences in the patterns of histone variants from immature grain (3-16 days after fertilization), from mature embryos, from coleoptiles and roots of 4-day-old, etiolated seedlings and from leaves of 10-day-old, light-grown seedlings.
(6) The maximal level as well as the kinetics of the induction were comparable between the suspension culture and soybean seedlings.
(7) Thirty-day-old corn seedlings, grown in the greenhouse with different concentrations of supplemental nitrate nitrogen, were moved to a constant-temperature growth chamber and sealed in a 560-liter tent made of polyvinyl chloride.
(8) The biological effect of vibration of Lactuca sativa dry seeds and seedlings cultivated at optimal (20 degrees C) and suboptimal (4 degrees C) temperatures was studied.
(9) The mRNAs begin to accumulate during late embryogeny, reach maximal levels in seedling cotyledons, are not detected at significant amounts in leaves, and are distributed similarly in cotyledons and axes of seedlings.
(10) Experiments involving one of the clear pathogenicity mutants indicated that the recovery of mutant cells from turnip seedlings 24 hr after inoculation was lower than for the wild type.
(11) The fourteenth case in the literature of lacrimal sac melanoma and possibly the first by tear seedling is illustrated.
(12) The development of PSII complex precedes that of PSI during the differentiation of B and M chloroplasts in expanding leaves of light-grown plants and during the greening of dark-grown etiolated seedlings.
(13) Hormone-like activity and efficiency of nitrate uptake by rice seedlings were stimulated by EAB and HEf, while HSp showed only negligible activity.
(14) Short pulses of red light induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of plastidic benzoquinones and vitamin K1, which can be reverted by subsequent irradiation with short pulses of far-red.
(15) The diurnal fluctuation in Cat3 mRNA persists when the seedlings are transferred to continuous light or darkness, which indicates the influence of a circadian rhythm.
(16) RNA blot analysis showed that HPR transcript levels rise significantly in the first eight days of light-grown seedling development.
(17) The results indicated that the mutant contains wild-type levels of the light-labile type 1 phytochrome polypeptide (PHYA), which has an apparent molecular mass of approximately 120 kD, but shows less than 1% (detection limit) of a light-stable polypeptide recognized by mAT1 in wild-type seedlings.
(18) A second category of 13 clones hybridized to transcripts that increased in abundance during post-germinative development of the seedling.
(19) CG-1 activity is constitutively expressed in tobacco seedlings grown in the absence of ultraviolet light as well as in seedlings induced for chalcone synthase gene expression by ultraviolet light irradiation.
(20) The oil was found non-phytotoxic to the seedling growth and seed germination of wheat.