(a.) Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants.
(n.) The language of the Poles.
(v. t.) To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.
(v. t.) Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners.
(v. i.) To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well.
(n.) A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or luster.
(n.) Anything used to produce a gloss.
(n.) Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
Example Sentences:
(1) The usefulness of porous tarflen materials (tarflen--Polish name of teflon produced by Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów, Poland) for this application was evaluated by comparing their properties with those of American porous teflon membranes used in membrane oxygenators.
(2) The accident on 10 April 2010, killed the president, first lady and dozens of senior officials, in the worst Polish air disaster since the second world war.
(3) Photograph: Polish Government Despite his clear-eyed approach to the looted artworks, Wächter maintains that his father was an unwilling cog in the Nazi killing machine, a position that has won him many critics.
(4) Since 1930 Dr. Rakowiecki has started as self-taught astronomy studies becoming soon one of seven most eminent Polish astronomers.
(5) There is a picture, drawn by Polish cartoonist Marek Raczkowski: a crowd of people demonstrating in the street, carrying aloft a big banner that simply reads "FUUUCK!''.
(6) This in turn meant frantic investment in German coal and lignite – 10 new plants are said to be opening – and a surge in Polish coal output.
(7) Romanians making Polish wages go down.” Then he adds: “The Romanian, he not the worst.
(8) Many ceramists advocate polishing, rather than glazing, to control the surface luster of metal ceramic restorations.
(9) The results were compared to controls and children with JRA in Polish populations (where amyloidosis is a frequent complication of JRA) as well as to American children with JRA (where amyloidosis in JRA has been observed only sporadically) and American control children.
(10) Below-zero temperatures crowned the top of the US from Idaho to Minnesota, where many roads still had an inch-thick plate of ice, polished smooth by traffic and impervious to ice-melting chemicals.
(11) Polish foreign affairs minister Radoslaw Sikorski has opposed the ships being handed over.
(12) Obama spoke on the phone with Merkel, the British prime minister, David Cameron , and the Polish president, Bronisław Komorowski.
(13) Russia is Europe's second largest market for food and drink and has been an important consumer of Polish pig meat and Dutch fruit and vegetables.
(14) This cross-sectional study was undertaken after the discovery of cobalt-related fibrosing alveolitis and bronchial asthma in diamond polishers occupationally exposed to cobalt.
(15) Polished rice samples harvested in 1985 were collected from 25 prefectures throughout Japan.
(16) She is very sophisticated, she is polished, and she can speak to the issues.
(17) The leakage of the dye that was observed in each of the groups might have been caused by the ineffectiveness of, or the ineffective use of, the nail polish or cyanoacrylate used to coat all but the apically sealed tips of the endodonticalled prepared teeth.
(18) Early corrosion phenomena required re-polishing every three months.
(19) The remaining incisor was carefully polished and served as an enamel surface.
(20) Cobalt-60, Polish-made BK-10,000 cobalt bombs, and Canadian-made Gammacell were placed in the irradiation chamber to provide irradiation.
Refinement
Definition:
(n.) The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
(n.) That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.
Example Sentences:
(1) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
(2) After restrained least-squares refinement of the enzyme-substrate complex with the riboflavin omitted from the model, additional electron density appeared near the pyrophosphate, which indicated the presence of an ADPR molecule in the FAD binding site of PHBH.
(3) Well-refined x-ray structures of the liganded forms of the wild-type and a mutant protein isolated from a strain defective in chemotaxis but fully competent in transport have provided a molecular view of the sugar-binding site and of a site for interacting with the Trg transmembrane signal transducer.
(4) To meet these prerequisites we have introduced some technical refinements: (1) computer-controlled rectilinear translations of the target in combination with different angular positions of the source and (2) computer-controlled rotations of the target around a vertical axis in combination with different angular positions of the source.
(5) Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was conceptualized more than 35 years ago, but its clinical application only flourished in the past 10 years after a number of technical refinements.
(6) In 1984 the press-fit condylar knee was first introduced and was intended to provide a condylar knee system primarily for posterior cruciate retention that addressed refinements in metallurgy, prosthetic geometry and sizing, cementless fixation, inventory management, and instrumentation.
(7) Obviously, the sheer number of lasers being used both clinically and experimentally indicates a great potential for further advancement and refinement in technique and surgical outcomes.
(8) Phases from x-ray structure factors (R = 0.43) computed from this model were then used in the calculation of another electron density map against which the model was further refined.
(9) Staging classifications are being refined to reflect increasing knowledge of important prognostic indicators, e.g., absence or presence of lymph node involvement, pattern of lymph node involvement, and absence or presence of visceral disease.
(10) The ordered aspect of the genetic code table makes this result a plausible starting point for studies of the origin and evolution of the genetic code: these could include, besides a more refined optimization principle at the logical level, some effects more directly related to the physico-chemical context, and the construction of realistic models incorporating both aspects.
(11) The structure of Mn(III) superoxide dismutase (Mn(III)SOD) from Thermus thermophilus, a tetramer of chains 203 residues in length, has been refined by restrained least-squares methods.
(12) Based on the refined atomic coordinates of the tRNAphe in the orthorhombic crystal, on the recent advances in the distance dependence of the ring-current magnetic field effects and on the adopted values for the isolated hydrogen-bonded NH resonances, a computed spectrum consisting of 23 protons was constructed.
(13) It can be used as a simple screening procedure to help determine which of many possible anthelmintic control strategies should be selected for more detailed examination in the field, and it provides a theoretical framework within which ideas concerning the epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis can be assessed and refined.
(14) The advances in lid and orbital surgery are due to the improvements made in diagnostic equipment and to technical refinements.
(15) The group’s refining business performed better than expected, more than doubling profit to $2.2bn from $1bn.
(16) They also suggest that both the migration of cortical neurons on glia and the refinement of the mapping between the peripheral whisker field and its cortical representation may depend upon the distribution of substrate adhesion molecules.
(17) Thus the present study gives support for a protective effect associated with a fiber-rich or vegetable-rich diet, while it indicates that frequent consumption of refined starchy foods, eggs and fat-rich foods such as cheese and red meat is a risk factor for colo-rectal cancer.
(18) Synthesis and discussion is focused on five major areas in which gerontological continuity and change are evidenced: 1) transformation of basic themes over time; 2) gerontology's identity crisis; 3) the social ideology of gerontology; 4) evolution and refinement of gerontological ideas and methods; and 5) temporal frameworks.
(19) The course content and format were refined after 11 pharmacists completed a pilot program.
(20) This has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanism of axonal guidance, the physiology of neurotrophic factors and the establishment and refinement of neural connections.