What's the difference between polygalic and saponin?
Polygalic
Definition:
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.
Example Sentences:
Saponin
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anaesthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
(2) The cell fermentation culture with a stabilized pH value was better than the culture with the pH value changing spontaneously on saponin content, growth rate and biomass.
(3) The aglycone of each saponin was identified as quillaic acid.
(4) Microbial fermentation and nutrient degradation in the rumen were reduced by saponins.
(5) The individual micelles are relatively flat, ring-shaped structures, the center offering space for one of the two bulky sugar chains of the saponins.
(6) In addition, three new cucurbitacin saponins, named brydioside A, B and C have also been obtained.
(7) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
(8) The effect of a preliminary hepatic washing with saline before liver fixation either by perfusion or immersion was compared to the effect of saponin, a membrane-permeabilizing agent, in order to ascertain which procedure is best to obtain a homogeneous distribution of albumin-containing hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule.
(9) Studying fiber bundles (less than 200-microns diameter) from guinea pig papillary muscles skinned with saponin and mechanically skinned single fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle, we find that calcium-induced force oscillations (observed in solutions containing low ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid and pCa 7.0) are enhanced in magnitude and frequency by InsP3 at concentrations as low as 1 microM.
(10) Uptake of the radiolabeled macromolecule dextran, mol wt 70,000, used as a marker for vesicle permeability, was determined by a rapid filtration technique, with uptake defined as substrate associated with the vesicle and releasable after incubation of vesicles with 0.1% saponin.
(11) AFP serum levels were reduced to 60% of the control by zhi-mu saponin (ZMS).
(12) This effect was abolished by inhibitors of streptolysin S (trypan blue) and of streptolysin O and saponin (cholesterol).
(13) While deformability was not affected by a dialysis session, osmotic and saponin resistances to hemolysis were significantly increased after dialysis (p less than 0.001).
(14) Saponin-permeabilized polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, dose-dependently in response to cupric phenanthroline (CuPh), a mild oxidant, which catalyzes the formation of disulfide bridges.
(15) The inhibitory effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation were not reversed by the addition of histamine to saponin-permeabilized platelets suggesting non-histamine mediated effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation.
(16) In the present studies, human platelets permeabilized with saponin were used to examine Ca2+ movements and dense granule secretion in response to IP3.
(17) In saponin-permeabilized cells, the rate of basal and stimulated LH release was twice that in non-permeabilized cells.
(18) Two highly purified saponin species were tested on LH release by cultured cells; one of them (petersaponin I) appeared responsible for the observed biological effects in vitro.
(19) Monolayers of saponin-permeabilized granule cells accumulate 45Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent manner and the sequestered 45Ca2+ can be concentration-dependently released by Ins(1,4,5)P3 by a stereospecific and heparin-sensitive mechanism.
(20) The NE- and KCl-induced vasoconstrictions and diltiazem-induced vasodilation were not affected by saponin treatment.