What's the difference between polygalic and saponin?

Polygalic


Definition:

  • (a.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.

Example Sentences:

Saponin


Definition:

  • (n.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anaesthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
  • (2) The cell fermentation culture with a stabilized pH value was better than the culture with the pH value changing spontaneously on saponin content, growth rate and biomass.
  • (3) The aglycone of each saponin was identified as quillaic acid.
  • (4) Microbial fermentation and nutrient degradation in the rumen were reduced by saponins.
  • (5) The individual micelles are relatively flat, ring-shaped structures, the center offering space for one of the two bulky sugar chains of the saponins.
  • (6) In addition, three new cucurbitacin saponins, named brydioside A, B and C have also been obtained.
  • (7) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
  • (8) The effect of a preliminary hepatic washing with saline before liver fixation either by perfusion or immersion was compared to the effect of saponin, a membrane-permeabilizing agent, in order to ascertain which procedure is best to obtain a homogeneous distribution of albumin-containing hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule.
  • (9) Studying fiber bundles (less than 200-microns diameter) from guinea pig papillary muscles skinned with saponin and mechanically skinned single fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle, we find that calcium-induced force oscillations (observed in solutions containing low ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid and pCa 7.0) are enhanced in magnitude and frequency by InsP3 at concentrations as low as 1 microM.
  • (10) Uptake of the radiolabeled macromolecule dextran, mol wt 70,000, used as a marker for vesicle permeability, was determined by a rapid filtration technique, with uptake defined as substrate associated with the vesicle and releasable after incubation of vesicles with 0.1% saponin.
  • (11) AFP serum levels were reduced to 60% of the control by zhi-mu saponin (ZMS).
  • (12) This effect was abolished by inhibitors of streptolysin S (trypan blue) and of streptolysin O and saponin (cholesterol).
  • (13) While deformability was not affected by a dialysis session, osmotic and saponin resistances to hemolysis were significantly increased after dialysis (p less than 0.001).
  • (14) Saponin-permeabilized polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, dose-dependently in response to cupric phenanthroline (CuPh), a mild oxidant, which catalyzes the formation of disulfide bridges.
  • (15) The inhibitory effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation were not reversed by the addition of histamine to saponin-permeabilized platelets suggesting non-histamine mediated effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation.
  • (16) In the present studies, human platelets permeabilized with saponin were used to examine Ca2+ movements and dense granule secretion in response to IP3.
  • (17) In saponin-permeabilized cells, the rate of basal and stimulated LH release was twice that in non-permeabilized cells.
  • (18) Two highly purified saponin species were tested on LH release by cultured cells; one of them (petersaponin I) appeared responsible for the observed biological effects in vitro.
  • (19) Monolayers of saponin-permeabilized granule cells accumulate 45Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent manner and the sequestered 45Ca2+ can be concentration-dependently released by Ins(1,4,5)P3 by a stereospecific and heparin-sensitive mechanism.
  • (20) The NE- and KCl-induced vasoconstrictions and diltiazem-induced vasodilation were not affected by saponin treatment.

Words possibly related to "polygalic"

Words possibly related to "saponin"