(n.) A plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles.
Example Sentences:
(1) Gap junctions were of different sizes and frequently composed of a small number of connexons organized in polygonal aggregates or linear arrays.
(2) The isolated outer sheath was observed as a triple-layered, closed vesicle carrying a polygonal array by electron microscopy.
(3) Electron microscopically, the tumor cell nuclei were oval or polygonal and sometimes slightly invaginated, with a few prominent nucleoli.
(4) Delimitation of the pathological process in the lung is characterized by an increase in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes and considerable predominance of polygonally shaped cells with cytoplasmic outgrowths of different lengths and their subsequent replacement by a cell form transitory between T- and B-lymphocytes.
(5) At day 12-15, some nodules consisting of polygonal cells were formed in all culture conditions, and these nodules were mineralized 2-3 days later.
(6) The majority of the choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons had fusiform, oval, or polygonal somata with somatic diameters greater than 20 microns and contained deeply invaginated nuclei surrounded by copious cytoplasm.
(7) One type of cells had polygonal morphology, showed density-dependent contact inhibition at confluence in vitro, showed lectin-binding characteristics of endothelium (but only moderate positivity for factor VIII antigen), demonstrated induction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase when exposed to astrocyte-conditioned media, and responded to insulin by a pronounced increase in DNA synthesis.
(8) The first type included large multipolar neurons with triangular or polygonal perikarya and typically 3-5 dendrites emerging from the poles of each cell.
(9) Type II neurons had multipolar or polygonal cell bodies, which measured an average 31 micrometer by 43 micrometer and emitted four to seven primary dendrites.
(10) "En face" views of the epithelial cells showed capping protein distributed in a polygonal pattern coincident with cell boundaries in intestinal epithelium, sensory epithelium of the cochlea, and the pigmented epithelium of the retina and at regions of cell-cell contact between chick embryo kidney cells in culture.
(11) Polygonal, foamy macrophages were found in 12 cases.
(12) The subcultured HNC and ADPKD cells retained characteristic epithelial polygonal and elongated shape and positive immunofluorescent staining for cytokeratin.
(13) The slightly prominent apices of the superficial epithelial cells are more or less polygonal in shape and covered with short microvilli among which small granules as possible morphological expression of a secretory activity are detectable.
(14) Initially, they grew as individual polygonal cells, tending to form tight confluent monolayers with poorly defined intercellular boundaries.
(15) A 3rd type displayed a polygonal outline and increased cytoplasm.
(16) While the arteries show a long stretched spinle or lancet like form they change over blunt, oval, triangular or rhomboid forms into polygonal cells with spiked border lines at the venules.
(17) Also PMA was found to cause a profound change in astrocyte morphology; cells were converted from flat, polygonal, undifferentiated cells to process-bearing cells.
(18) On these substrata, cultured astrocytes changed their shape from flat and polygonal to stellate in the absence of hormones or growth factor supplements.
(19) The cells have a spindle, round or polygonal shape with neoplastic and pleomorphic features that grew in multilayers without contact inhibition.
(20) The rate constant for clearance as described in the paper represents a non-invasive method for rapid evaluation of the uptake capacity of the liver and, in particular, with regard to the polygonal cells of the liver parenchyma when IDA derivatives are employed.
Trapezium
Definition:
(n.) A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel.
(n.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb.
(n.) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers.
Example Sentences:
(1) The authors describe three patients in whom this complication occurred after Silastic replacements of the carpal scaphoid and trapezium bones.
(2) The wrist motion remaining after simulated arthrodeses was as follows: capitate-hamate: flexion (Flx) 98%, extension (Ext) 92%, ulnar deviation (UD) 96%, radial deviation (RD) 90%; scaphoid-lunate: Flx 97%, Ext 91%, UD 90%, RD 91%; scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid: Flx 86%, Ext 88%, UD 67%, RD 69%; scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum: Flx 91%, Ext 82%, UD 86%, RD 70%; capitate-lunate: Flx 70%, Ext 59%, UD 89%, RD 79%; capitate-hamate-triquetrum: Flx 88%, Ext 79%, UD 88%, RD 81%; hamate-triquetrum: Flx 90%, Ext 85%, UD 89%, RD 94%; scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid-capitate: Flx 85%, Ext 77%, UD 64%, RD 57%.
(3) Twenty-five patients who presented with symptoms of disabling pain secondary to arthritis at the base of thumb had 29 arthroplasties with silicone rubber trapezium implants.
(4) Although the design features of the Niebauer implant offer theoretical advantages for stability and fixation, this study does not demonstrate better results compared with other types of silicone trapezium implants.
(5) Operation, consisting of resection of the trapezium and shortening by 1.5 cm of the abductor pollicis longus tendon was performed on 16 thumbs.
(6) If there is localized uptake in the area of the trapezium, additional radiographic studies may be necessary to confirm or exclude this fracture.
(7) The fracture of the trapezium can prevent the normal mobility of the thumb, and therefore an anatomical reduction is desirable.
(8) Osteoarthritic involvement of more than one of the articular surfaces of the trapezium was found in a group of 31 hands.
(9) The area under each sensitivity gradient was determined using the trapezium rule.
(10) The first point of reference is fixed and consists of a line projected through the radial articular surface of the second metacarpal with the trapezium.
(11) Trapezium-scaphoid-trapezoid subluxations and trapezoid-capitate-scaphoid-trapezium subluxations or dislocations are rare.
(12) The present study deals with patients in whom the diagnostic procedures applied in rhizoid arthrosis were considered to reveal scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid (STT) arthrosis.
(13) We studied 18 patients ranging in age from 16 years to 57 years who presented 8 to 78 months (average, 31.7 months) after silicone arthroplasty (four scaphoid, six lunate, one scapholunate, four finger, two wrist, one trapezium, and one ulnar head for metacarpal hemiarthroplasty).
(14) Fractures of the body of the trapezium are uncommon.
(15) After excision of the trapezium, a strip from the flexor carpi radialis was wound around the main portion of the flexor carpi radialis tendon and the abductor pollicis longus.
(16) The patients treated by resection of the trapezium and tendon interposition were more satisfied and had less pain than those treated by implantation of a Swanson prosthesis.
(17) Having performed 100 anatomical dissections we found that in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist besides other tendons there are one or two tendons belonging to a musculo-tendinous unit, not yet described, inserting in the trapezium and acting almost together with the other units going to the first metacarpal.
(18) Excision of the trapezium gave good results with respect to pain relief, but there was loss of thumb stability and strength.
(19) Relationships between the younger, single members of staff were purest catnip to us; we were always turning love triangles into love trapeziums.
(20) The physio-pathology of fractures of the trapezium was investigated by personal experiments conducted in the laboratory on 26 wrists and showed 3 main mechanisms: a fall on the hand with the wrist extended and radially deviated (Manon) and direct commissural trauma combined with various degrees of shearing described by Monsche.