(n.) A bridge; -- applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) The pons, on the other hand, has a bioelectrical activity of its own during PS, i.e., the ponto-geniculo-occipital spikes (PGO).
(2) These included the noradrenergic, TH- and DBH-immunoreactive cell groups of the pons and medulla.
(3) + inf., pons + medulla), rCBF increased toward the control level gradually, and it completely recovered 60 min after recirculation.
(4) Injection of the tracer substance wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) directly into the basilar pontine nuclei using a ventral surgical approach resulted in the labeling of somata in many areas both rostral and caudal to the basilar pons.
(5) Urea decreased and valine increased in the TD medulla-pons.
(6) Recently, direct pathways from the dorsolateral pons to the ON, probably involved in supraspinal micturition control, have been reported (Holstege et al., 1986).
(7) In the pons, PRV labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the locus ceruleus, subceruleus region, and parabrachial complex.
(8) P3.1 and P3.8 were identified only as farfield potentials in intracranial recordings from the pons and more rostral regions.
(9) Computed tomography showed a lesion in the pons, and seven months later he was found to have metastatic adenocarcinoma.
(10) Weaker linkage between the CF locus and the locus for the serum enzyme activity marker paraoxonase (PON) was detected, theta = 0.18, zeta = 0.76.
(11) In the medulla and pons the ir appeared as from E12.
(12) Pons-Tortella et al reported the sparing of this nucleus in acute anterior poliomyelitis.
(13) Effects of noxious electrical tooth stimulations and intraarterial administration of bradykinin or inhalation of volatile anesthetics on substance P content in the diencephalon-mesencephalon, pons-medulla and the spinal cord were examined in the rat.
(14) Synchronization of phasic bursts was consistently observed between simultaneously recorded structures and this, along with the time course of early increments in SW was consistent with the notion that mesencephalic reticular activity is controlled by leading influences from the pons.
(15) Specifically, a decrease in the central conduction times was noted for the I-III interpeak interval, suggesting neurophysiologic dysfunction in the area of the pons and cerebellum.
(16) Among them, two patients had deformities of the pons.
(17) This study examines the effects of styrene oxide, a reactive metabolite of the neurotoxic solvent styrene, on GSH metabolism in six regions of the rat brain (cortex, cerebellum, medulla-pons, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus).
(18) The course of the fiber pathways to pons from parasensory association areas in the rhesus monkey was investigated by injection of tritiated amino acids and the technique of autoradiography.
(19) 1 The ability of chlorpromazine to antagonize the effects of iontophoretic application of (+)-amphetamine to single neurones in the medulla and lower pons of anaesthetized rats has been studied.
(20) Noradrenaline concentration was elevated in the brain stem, particularly in the pons, and decreased in the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord while in the cerebellum, the effects were dependent on the mode of administration.
Pontile
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.
Example Sentences:
(1) Animals having bilateral electrolytic lesions localized in the pontile pneumotaxic center exhibited hypercapnia-induced minute volumes which were significantly less than those of unlesioned control cats.
(2) These results considered together with previous findings indicate that thyroidectomy and pontile lesions induce similar changes in 11-hydroxycorticoid and serotonergic functions-changes that are critical features of the physiological bases of the abnormal grooming behavior in both groups.
(3) Studies of brain and blood levels of thyroid hormones in cats with pontile lesions failed to detect any differences from normal cats, and normal effects of thyroid hormones on evoked potentials to light flashes and to clicks were obtained in cats with pontile lesions.
(4) Time-lapse motion pictures of the cats in their home cages were taken, and statistical analyses of the grooming behavior shown on the films indicated that cats with pontile lesions and cats with tectal lesions spent less time grooming, had shorter grooming bouts, and failed to exhibit the normal temporal pattern of grooming behaviors.
(5) Cats with pontile lesions, frontal neocortical lesions, and thyroidectomized cats display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior following tactile stimulation of the body surface, an abnormal behavior which waxes and wanes with the seasons of the year.
(6) Cats with pontile lesions had, relative to intact state, a prolonged inspiratory duration and an increase in tidal volume and expiration duration.
(7) Thyroidectomized cats display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior when the body surface is tactually stimulated, an abnormal behavior that also occurs in cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions.
(8) Cats with pontile lesions and cats with frontal neocortical lesions exhibit the scratch reflex and other grooming reflexes.
(9) Thus, it appears that the pontile and frontal neocortical lesions produce deficits in both glucocorticoids and serotonin, and these deficits are necessary and sufficient conditions for inducing the abnormal grooming behavior.
(10) Reconstruction of the pontile lesions indicate that the lateral and rostral portions of the paralemniscal tegmental fields were destroyed along with portions of the pontile gray and pyramidal tract.
(11) It is concluded that the lesions at the pontomedullary junction produce ventilatory alterations by interrupting a pathway interconnecting the caudal pontile apneustic center with the medullary respiratory complex.
(12) It was concluded that any thyroid dysfunction that may exist in the cats with pontile lesions was not involved in the genesis of the abnormal grooming behavior.
(13) Placement of these pontile or medullary lesions in animals with pneumotaxic center lesions prevented the development of a typical apneustic pattern upon vagotomy.
(14) The present studies evaluated the hypothesis that rostral pontile mechanisms contribute to determining the time of onset of spinal motoneuronal activities in phase II.
(15) Previous studies of cats with pontile lesions indicate that a serotonergic deficit exists in the superior colliculi and that this deficit is involved in the genesis of an abnormal grooming behavior.
(16) Cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior when their body surface is tactually stimulated, an abnormal behavior that waxes and wanes with the seasons of the year.
(17) Studies were undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that diffuse pathways serve to convey efferent activity from the rostral pontile pneumotaxic center to the respiratory regions of medulla.
(18) Mesencephalic or rostral pontile lesions caused no systematic changes in either hypercapnia- or hypoxia-induced responses.
(19) It is concluded that both pontile and medullary mechanisms control eupneic ventilatory activity in unanesthetized as well as deeply anesthetized preparations.
(20) Tryptophan hydroxylase activity is significantly decreased in the superior colliculi of cats with pontile lesions and of cats with frontal neocortical lesions.