(1) Animals having bilateral electrolytic lesions localized in the pontile pneumotaxic center exhibited hypercapnia-induced minute volumes which were significantly less than those of unlesioned control cats.
(2) These results considered together with previous findings indicate that thyroidectomy and pontile lesions induce similar changes in 11-hydroxycorticoid and serotonergic functions-changes that are critical features of the physiological bases of the abnormal grooming behavior in both groups.
(3) Studies of brain and blood levels of thyroid hormones in cats with pontile lesions failed to detect any differences from normal cats, and normal effects of thyroid hormones on evoked potentials to light flashes and to clicks were obtained in cats with pontile lesions.
(4) Time-lapse motion pictures of the cats in their home cages were taken, and statistical analyses of the grooming behavior shown on the films indicated that cats with pontile lesions and cats with tectal lesions spent less time grooming, had shorter grooming bouts, and failed to exhibit the normal temporal pattern of grooming behaviors.
(5) Cats with pontile lesions, frontal neocortical lesions, and thyroidectomized cats display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior following tactile stimulation of the body surface, an abnormal behavior which waxes and wanes with the seasons of the year.
(6) Cats with pontile lesions had, relative to intact state, a prolonged inspiratory duration and an increase in tidal volume and expiration duration.
(7) Thyroidectomized cats display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior when the body surface is tactually stimulated, an abnormal behavior that also occurs in cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions.
(8) Cats with pontile lesions and cats with frontal neocortical lesions exhibit the scratch reflex and other grooming reflexes.
(9) Thus, it appears that the pontile and frontal neocortical lesions produce deficits in both glucocorticoids and serotonin, and these deficits are necessary and sufficient conditions for inducing the abnormal grooming behavior.
(10) Reconstruction of the pontile lesions indicate that the lateral and rostral portions of the paralemniscal tegmental fields were destroyed along with portions of the pontile gray and pyramidal tract.
(11) It is concluded that the lesions at the pontomedullary junction produce ventilatory alterations by interrupting a pathway interconnecting the caudal pontile apneustic center with the medullary respiratory complex.
(12) It was concluded that any thyroid dysfunction that may exist in the cats with pontile lesions was not involved in the genesis of the abnormal grooming behavior.
(13) Placement of these pontile or medullary lesions in animals with pneumotaxic center lesions prevented the development of a typical apneustic pattern upon vagotomy.
(14) The present studies evaluated the hypothesis that rostral pontile mechanisms contribute to determining the time of onset of spinal motoneuronal activities in phase II.
(15) Previous studies of cats with pontile lesions indicate that a serotonergic deficit exists in the superior colliculi and that this deficit is involved in the genesis of an abnormal grooming behavior.
(16) Cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior when their body surface is tactually stimulated, an abnormal behavior that waxes and wanes with the seasons of the year.
(17) Studies were undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that diffuse pathways serve to convey efferent activity from the rostral pontile pneumotaxic center to the respiratory regions of medulla.
(18) Mesencephalic or rostral pontile lesions caused no systematic changes in either hypercapnia- or hypoxia-induced responses.
(19) It is concluded that both pontile and medullary mechanisms control eupneic ventilatory activity in unanesthetized as well as deeply anesthetized preparations.
(20) Tryptophan hydroxylase activity is significantly decreased in the superior colliculi of cats with pontile lesions and of cats with frontal neocortical lesions.
Postil
Definition:
(n.) Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment.
(n.) A short homily or commentary on a passage of Scripture; as, the first postils were composed by order of Charlemagne.
(v. t.) To write marginal or explanatory notes on; to gloss.
(v. i.) To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate.
Example Sentences:
(1) The postileal digestibility of the crude carbohydrates (CC) of 14 rations calculated from the difference between total digestibility (faecal analysis) and precaecal digestibility (analysis of the ileal chyme of IRA pigs) showed that between 40 and 100 g (70 g on average) out of the 780 g CC per kg DM consumed disappear in the large intestine.
(2) There is not yet an answer to the question in how far comparative studies of INT and IRA animals make verified statements with regard to the differences in the energetic utilization of the precaecally and postileally digested nutrients possible.
(3) A regressively calculated difference of 17%-units was regressively calculated between the utilization of metabolizable energy of either precaecal or postileal origin.
(4) Mature ponies fitted with permanent ileal cannulas were used in a 3 X 3 Latin square experiment to quantify prececal, postileal and total tract digestion of hay protein.
(5) Apparent postileal N digestibility was 52.5% for CB, 65.7% for LA and 66.9% for HA.
(6) For partioning the digestible energy into a prececal and postileal component the diet was supplemented with 0.3% Cr2O3, and samples of digesta taken by means of a cecum cannula were analyzed for this marker.
(7) This corresponds completely to the difference in the utilization of metabolizable energy between exclusively precaecal and postileal digestion.