(1) It has been suggested that preoperative measurement of resting anal canal pressure and internal sphincter function can be used to identify those patients with neurogenic faecal incontinence who are unlikely to benefit from the operation of postanal repair.
(2) In general, anterior sphincteroplasty gives good results, whereas results of postanal repairs are less satisfactory.
(3) Two surgical techniques were used--either a direct repair of the anal sphincter or a postanal repair of the levator ani muscles and external sphincter (Parks operation).
(4) A more comprehensive surgical repair has therefore been developed that involves postanal repair, anterior levatorplasty, and external sphincter plication.
(5) Forty per cent of the conservative treatment group had a successful result compared with sixty-five per cent of the operative group as a whole and fifty-nine per cent of the postanal repair patients.
(6) Thus postanal repair need not be restricted to patients with widening of the anorectal angle since its beneficial effects do not appear to be related to reduction of this angle.
(7) Postanal repair was subsequently undertaken for one woman, but all the other patients were satisfied with their repairs.
(8) Ten patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence underwent postanal repair based on clinical assessment of their symptoms.
(9) Twelve patients had been treated previously using an anal continence device (N = 6), postanal repair (N = 5), and rectopexy (N = 1).
(10) A questionaire sent to all teaching hospitals showed that in only seven out of 27 hospitals postanal repair is carried out in cases of postoperative fecal incontinence.
(11) There were five pairs of postanal papillae with the first pair just posterior to the anus being double while the remaining four pairs were more closely associated in a group near the tail end.
(12) Postanal repair is effective in restoring continence, although the parameters measured have not explained the mechanism of this effect.
(13) Its salient characters are: length up to approximately to 12.5 cm; lips broad, with pedunculate pulp and equatorially constricted flanges; esophagus 8 to 12% and spicles 3 to 6% of body length; preanal and postanal papillae up to 33 and 6 pairs, respectively.
(14) Nineteen patients have been studied before and 3 months after postanal repair.
(15) Ten patients in the anterior sphincteroplasty group had satisfactory results (64 percent) and 10 in the postanal repair group (59 percent).
(16) Forty-two patients (37 women, 5 men; mean age 61 years) with varying degrees of anal sphincter dysfunction were treated by postanal repair.
(17) The degree of incontinence was scored before and after treatment and postoperative investigations carried out on 17 patients (11 postanal repairs).
(18) The results indicate that the quality of continence after postanal repair is poor.
(19) The approach which enabled an extensive exposure was used for posterior rectotomy (10 cases), nodal excision from the mesorectum and lateral ligaments (2 cases), postanal repair (3 cases), exploration or excision of complex high and fistula (4 cases), abdomino-trans-sphincteric resection of rectal carcinoma (13 cases) and local excision (19 cases).
(20) Total excision was performed using a transanal approach in eight patients, postanal (transcoccygeal) in two, and posterior sagittal in one.
Postpartum
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Postpartum management is directed toward decreasing vasospasm and central nervous system irritability and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
(2) The ACTH deficiency recovered spontaneously, with normal cortisol responses to depot Synacthen (greater than 1380 at 6 h) and hypoglycemia (peak, 590) 14 and 18 months postpartum, respectively.
(3) Compared with cultures from afebrile women, organisms were recovered from 51 (93%) of 55 febrile postpartum women by using the triple-lumen transcervical culture method (P less than .001).
(4) Postpartum milk samples from 61 heifers and 24 tissues from 2 reactor cattle were culture-negative for B abortus.
(5) The present study observed that a 40-dB hearing loss, beginning at 17 days postpartum, requires 2 days before it induces susceptibility to audiogenic seizures.
(6) In experiment II, RS cows had a higher pregnancy rate (87.6% vs 66.0%, P less than 0.05) and a shorter postpartum interval (83 vs 101 days, P less than 0.05) than did NS cows.
(7) These changes of lymphocyte subsets may indicate suppression of immunological activity during pregnancy and its "increase" in the postpartum period.
(8) However, amenorrheic women who introduced bottle feeding, had a higher risk of pregnancy after 6 months postpartum than those who remained fully nursing.
(9) Eleven patients spontaneously passed the calculus, ten prior to delivery and one patient postpartum.
(10) Studies in cattle assessing changes in number and size of antral follicles, concentrations of estradiol, androgens and progesterone in serum and follicular fluid, and numbers of gonadotropin receptors per follicle during repetitive estrous cycles and postpartum anestrus are reviewed.
(11) In a further 12 postpartum women the serum levels did not change significantly after medroxyprogesterone acetate.These observations strongly suggest that raised plasma protein levels resulting from the administration of oral contraceptives are due to the oestrogen component.
(12) However, if a subsequent cytology is abnormal, postpartum colposcopy and colposcopically directed biopsies seem appropriate, since the prevalence of HPV or CIN was 21%.
(13) By the 5th day postpartum, they decreased to become similar to cow's milk.
(14) Undegradated collagen might be redistributed wholly in the endometrium on postpartum day 1 when the area of endometrium has diminished.
(15) Ruptured uterus is considered as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage, with an incidence of 7.1% overall and 11.9% in patients with severe hemorrhage.
(16) Important considerations for the obstetrician concerning hereditary antithrombin III deficiency are discussed, including: 1) the need to therapeutically anticoagulate these patients postpartum, 2) the need to consider prophylactic anticoagulation throughout pregnancy especially in patients with a history of thrombosis, 3) the practical aspects of assaying antithrombin III in plasma rather than serum, 4) the normally low antithrombin III levels in normal newborns, and 5) the need to provide prepregnancy counseling, including information about the autosomal dominant inheritance of hereditary antithrombin III deficiency.
(17) In cows receiving rbG-CSF, total numbers of PBMC were significantly increased compared to controls during the postpartum treatment period.
(18) Response to norepinephrine was 15, 20, 18, and 15% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers and response to epinephrine was 12, 20, 14, and 50% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers at 30, 60, 180, and 349 d postpartum.
(19) In sum, a stable postpartum patient without history of SVT or evidence of structural heart disorder developed SVT immediately following metoclopramide administration.
(20) There were more than 48,000 immediate postpartum acceptors of the IUD which may be the largest series of cases yet reported.