What's the difference between posterior and pulvinar?
Posterior
Definition:
(a.) Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; -- opposed to prior.
(a.) Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.
(a.) At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human anatomy often used for dorsal.
(a.) On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an axillary flower.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bilateral symmetric soft-tissue masses posterior to the glandular tissue with accompanying calcifications should suggest the diagnosis.
(2) The 38 control fetuses had normal-appearing posterior fossae.
(3) Estimates of the risk probability for each dose level and sacrifice time are found utilizing the sample likelihood as the posterior density.
(4) In 22 cases (63%), retinal detachment was at least partially flattened in the area of the posterior pole of the eye.
(5) Small pieces of anterior and posterior quail wing-bud mesoderm (HH stages 21-23) were placed in in vitro culture for up to 3 days.
(6) These cases show that an examination of the whole neuraxis is as important in patients with midline posterior fossa cysts as it is in patients with developmental syringomyelia or Chiari I malformation.
(7) When the posterior capsule was sectioned, no significant changes were noted in the severity of the sag or the rotation.
(8) A neonate without external malformation had undergone removal of a nasopharyngeal mass containing anterior and posterior pituitary tissue.
(9) An opening wedge osteotomy is then directed posterior-dorsal to anterior-plantar, to effectively plantarflex the posterior aspect of the calcaneus.
(10) Subdural tumors may be out of the cord (10 tumors), on the posterior roots (28 tumors), or within the cord.
(11) All patients with localized subaortic hypertrophy had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass or posterior wall thickness greater than 2 SD from normal) with a normal size cavity due to aortic valve disease (2 patients were also hypertensive).
(12) The first patient, an 82-year-old woman, developed a WPW syndrome suggesting posterior right ventricular preexcitation, a pattern which persisted for four months until her death.
(13) Two cases of posterior lumbar vertebral rim fracture and associated disc protrusion in adolescents are presented.
(14) At day 7 MD occupy about 14% area of posterior retina in transverse sections in Campbell rats versus 7% in normal animals.
(15) Histologic examination of the anterior and posterior chambers and the vitreous led to a diagnosis of endophthalmitis caused by Coccidioides immitis infection.
(16) The temperature increased from the anterior to the posterior region on both buccal and lingual sides of both arches.
(17) The observation that phase reversals did not occur in area 29, together with the low incidence of phasic (rhythmic) theta-on cells, suggests that the posterior cingulate cortex does not independently generate type 2 theta.
(18) A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders.
(19) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(20) Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification.
Pulvinar
Definition:
(n.) A prominence on the posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders.
(2) In addition, it has reciprocal connections with some thalamic nuclear groups, e.g., the "pulvinar posterior" system.
(3) Lesions of the fiber tract in the pulvinar that inputs to the brachium of the superior colliculus caused a transient reduction in the buildup and peak velocity of OKN and OKAN.
(4) In the first group, which corresponds to the pulvinar inferior and ventral part of the pulvinar lateralis, we observed a greater respresentation of the central part of the visual field.
(5) In the association cortex preceding SC stimulation facilitated the response to test stimulation of pulvinar almost at all delays between the stimuli.
(6) Projections to area 5b (and to the laterally adjacent area suprasylviana anterior) mainly arise from LI, the dorsal part of VL, and the caudodorsal part of VA and CL; a moderate projection was also found from Po, the pulvinar, and the lateral dorsal complex.
(7) We have showed in a previous paper that the pulvinar extracellular unit activity in behaving monkeys was dependent on the attention the animal paid to the stimulus, or on its behavioral significance or on the intentional movements the animal performed.
(8) Based on the integration theory, the following predictions concerning this size constancy discrimination were made: 1) monkeys with pulvinar lesions, unable to code distance, should be impaired and adopt strategies based on retinal image size; and 2) monkeys with prestriate lesions, unable to code retinal image size, should be impaired and adopt strategies based on distance.
(9) An autoradiographic technique was used to determine superior colliculus (SC) and pulvinar projections in the rhesus monkey.
(10) During the induction of FR PDs by ILS trains, the visual structures (occipital cortex, colliculi superioris, pulvinar) show a significant MUA increase which is not related to the PD spike or wave but is correlated to the flashes.
(11) In somatosensory cortex, the pattern of CCK binding in layer IV coincided with thalamic inputs arising from the ventrobasal complex, while in the posterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex, and retrosplenial cortex, layer IV and lower III binding mirrored the laminar distribution of cortical afferents of the medial pulvinar.
(12) Patterns of connections with other visual structures and architectonic characteristics were used to subdivide the inferior pulvinar complex of owl monkeys into three distinct nuclei termed the central inferior pulvinar, IPc, the medial inferior pulvinar, IPm, and the posterior inferior pulvinar, IPp.
(13) The representation of the area centralis in the retino-pulvinar projection is displaced rostrally as compared with the retino-geniculate projection.
(14) The rostral portion of the lower bank receives projections only from the ventromedial sector of the PM nucleus, whereas the middle portion of the lower bank receives projections from the PL and the inferior pulvinar nuclei as well as from the PM nucleus.
(15) Cortico-pulvinar neurons were identified in one heterotypical cortical area (area 17) and in many homotypical areas in frontal (areas 45, 46, 11, 12), parietal (5, 7), occipital (18, 19) and temporal (20, 21, 22) lobes.
(16) Area 36 receives many fibers from the ventrolateral part of the medial pulvinar nucleus and the suprageniculate nucleus, a lesser number from the other parts of the medial pulvinar nucleus, and some fibers from the medial geniculate nucleus, particularly its dorsal principal part.
(17) Less cells were labelled in the magnocellular MG, lateral pulvinar and posterior nucleus.
(18) Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the retina bilaterally after injections of HRP into the pulvinar nucleus.
(19) It is now well established that the lateral posterior-pulvinar (LP-P) complex of mammals is involved in visual processing.
(20) Reaction times of monkeys with inferior pulvinar lesions tended to be longer than for controls or for those with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions.