(v. t.) To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.
(v. t.) To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.
(v. i.) To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.
(v. i.) To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.
Example Sentences:
(1) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
(2) Four of the 39 ticks in our colony were infected with a spirochete; presumably, Borrelia crocidurae.
(3) In the stage 24 chick embryo, a paced increase in heart rate reduces stroke volume, presumably by rate-dependent decrease in passive filling.
(4) Trichostatin C is presumably the first example of a glucopyranosyl hydroxamate from nature.
(5) 3) The first who presumed an independent state of these microorganisms, was Kohlert (1968), from the work of which the epithet for correct name, i.e.
(6) Recently, we have designed a series of simplified artificial signal sequences and have shown that a proline residue in the signal sequence plays an important role in the secretion of human lysozyme in yeast, presumably by altering the conformation of the signal sequence [Yamamoto, Y., Taniyama, Y., & Kikuchi, M. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2728-2732].
(7) Though three of these presumable metabolites could slightly inhibit the binding of [3H]-KW-3049, they were not detected in rat and dog plasma at 0.5 h after oral administration of KW-3049.
(8) However, since CR3 does not recognize a hexapeptide containing RGD, we presume that residues beyond the RGD triplet contribute to binding.
(9) Since alkaline phosphatase, a glycoprotein, is not affected, the destruction is selective and presumably involves only the most exposed membrane components.
(10) Eighty four colorectal cancer patients who underwent presumably curative surgery were considered as candidates for control recurrence study.
(11) 5% of the degradation resulted from enzymatic activity in the culture medium, presumably due to secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the cells.
(12) The larger accumulation of Mn2+ than of Sr2+ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ascribed to the operation of a specific extrusion pump, presumably a Ca2+ pump, which has a higher affinity for Sr2+ than for Mn2+.
(13) Altering the time of PMA exposure demonstrated that PMA inhibited chondrocyte phenotypic expression, rather than cell commitment: early (0-48 h) exposure to PMA (during chondrocytic commitment in vitro) had little inhibitory effect on the staining index, whereas, exposure from 49-96 h (presumably post-commitment) and 0-96 h had moderate and strong inhibitory effects, respectively, on cartilage synthesis.
(14) In the terminal segment of the hamster epididymidis there was some evidence of micro-merocrine protein secretion a the level of the principal cells and clear evidence of granular secretion in the light cells, presumable of glycoproteins.
(15) The authors have considered an endocrine mechanism as the possible cause of these pathological changes which are presumed to be genetically conditioned.
(16) Presumable this medium was modified repeatedly after its introduction in bacteriology in 1918 by Gassner.
(17) Exposure had no effect on synaptically mediated facilitation or on late inhibition which is presumably associated with calcium-activated increases in potassium conductance.
(18) Treatment of bacterial cells with inhibitors of gyrase at high concentration leads to relaxation of DNA supercoils, presumably through interference with the supercoiling activity of gyrase.
(19) Compared with Sheehan's series in England, it was found the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism in Okayama was presumably less than in England.
(20) In addition, we have shown that long-lived, presumably non-senescent, strains do not arise by suppressor mutation, but lose senescence plasmid DNA by another mechanism.
Presumptuous
Definition:
(a.) Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.
(a.) Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea.
(a.) Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known duty; willful.
Example Sentences:
(1) Parent involvement is needed, and it is presumptuous to believe that a couple of hours of contact a week can change lives.
(2) Even as I read Tynan’s book at 16, I knew theatre was radically changing: I remember presumptuously giving a talk to the sixth form at Warwick School on the new phenomenon of The Angry Young Man.
(3) In such a context, it would be quite presumptuous to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of a drug from those initial human studies.
(4) Infantile delivery also frequently serves to take the curse off self-publicity; sleight of hand for those who find "my programme is on BBC2 tonight" too presumptuous and exposing, and prefer to cower behind the low-status imbecility of "I done rote a fingy for da tellybox!"
(5) If I may be so presumptuously bold, Martyn Hett’s brother contains more Britishness in his typing thumb than Ms Hopkins contains in her entire output.
(6) I am not so presumptuous as to ask instantly for your vote, but in the recent election 700,000 of you stuck with us, but many of you chose someone else.
(7) "Humour me with a rare bit of Confederations Cup kit-chat, but am I the only one who finds the ribbon-like collar on the Spain shirt, inferring yet another winner's medal dangling around the neck, to be a bit presumptuous?"
(8) That email contained a reminder about their understanding when the event was first arranged: In the absence of hearing from you we have proceeded on the basis you are happy to go ahead even though the commission is still in hearing (not expected when originally arranged) and thought it presumptuous to do other than leave that up to you.
(9) May he rest in peace – and, if it’s not presumptuous, my love to you.
(10) I mean, in some ways – this seems a little presumptuous and it's not entirely accurate – but actors and CIA agents are [both] migratory and assume different roles.
(11) 'Journalism is not a job; it is a way of life' Now for those of you who only know me from the telly or radio, I should point out that it's not completely presumptuous of me to share some thoughts on the future of the press, because I was in newspapers for 23 years, with long stints at the Independent, the Financial Times and the Sunday Telegraph, in that order.
(12) The suggestion that Ireland will operate UK migration controls at its own ports and airports carries with it the same presumptuous air.
(13) Since we humans are prone to launching chemical weapons, unwittingly killing off the bee population or other factors that could lead to our extinction, it may be presumptuous to imagine what we'll look like in 100,000 years.
(14) It is typically arrogant of David Cameron to presume a third Tory term in 2020 before the British public have been given the chance to have their say in this election.” David Cameron talks breasts, thighs – and third terms Read more A Lib Dem spokesperson said: “It’s incredibly presumptuous of David Cameron to be worrying about a third term as prime minister weeks before the general election.” Downing Street sources immediately tried to row back on Cameron’s comments, saying he was only rejecting the idea of serving a full third term.
(15) In a rare public appearance, Omar donned what was said to be the cloak of the Prophet Muhammad in Kandahar, and was proclaimed Amir ul-Momineen, Commander of the Faithful, making him the leader of all Muslims, a claim that many found presumptuous.
(16) It feels contemptuous and presumptuous and unpleasant.
(17) I mean, honestly, it’s presumptuous to suspect that [US negotiating partners] France, Russia, China, Germany and Britain ought to do what the Congress tells them to do.
(18) Election 2015: Tories in turmoil after Cameron rules out third term – live Read more Opponents accused Cameron of taking an election victory for granted and behaving in an “incredibly presumptuous manner” by naming Theresa May, Boris Johnson and George Osborne as likely successors in 2020.
(19) She said: : "I've always refused to be drawn on any of these discussions, I think it would be deeply presumptuous of me to do so.
(20) He told the conference that far from it being arrogant or presumptuous to make detailed plans, it was the reverse.