(v. t.) To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.
(v. t.) To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.
(v. i.) To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.
(v. i.) To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.
Example Sentences:
(1) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
(2) Four of the 39 ticks in our colony were infected with a spirochete; presumably, Borrelia crocidurae.
(3) In the stage 24 chick embryo, a paced increase in heart rate reduces stroke volume, presumably by rate-dependent decrease in passive filling.
(4) Trichostatin C is presumably the first example of a glucopyranosyl hydroxamate from nature.
(5) 3) The first who presumed an independent state of these microorganisms, was Kohlert (1968), from the work of which the epithet for correct name, i.e.
(6) Recently, we have designed a series of simplified artificial signal sequences and have shown that a proline residue in the signal sequence plays an important role in the secretion of human lysozyme in yeast, presumably by altering the conformation of the signal sequence [Yamamoto, Y., Taniyama, Y., & Kikuchi, M. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2728-2732].
(7) Though three of these presumable metabolites could slightly inhibit the binding of [3H]-KW-3049, they were not detected in rat and dog plasma at 0.5 h after oral administration of KW-3049.
(8) However, since CR3 does not recognize a hexapeptide containing RGD, we presume that residues beyond the RGD triplet contribute to binding.
(9) Since alkaline phosphatase, a glycoprotein, is not affected, the destruction is selective and presumably involves only the most exposed membrane components.
(10) Eighty four colorectal cancer patients who underwent presumably curative surgery were considered as candidates for control recurrence study.
(11) 5% of the degradation resulted from enzymatic activity in the culture medium, presumably due to secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the cells.
(12) The larger accumulation of Mn2+ than of Sr2+ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ascribed to the operation of a specific extrusion pump, presumably a Ca2+ pump, which has a higher affinity for Sr2+ than for Mn2+.
(13) Altering the time of PMA exposure demonstrated that PMA inhibited chondrocyte phenotypic expression, rather than cell commitment: early (0-48 h) exposure to PMA (during chondrocytic commitment in vitro) had little inhibitory effect on the staining index, whereas, exposure from 49-96 h (presumably post-commitment) and 0-96 h had moderate and strong inhibitory effects, respectively, on cartilage synthesis.
(14) In the terminal segment of the hamster epididymidis there was some evidence of micro-merocrine protein secretion a the level of the principal cells and clear evidence of granular secretion in the light cells, presumable of glycoproteins.
(15) The authors have considered an endocrine mechanism as the possible cause of these pathological changes which are presumed to be genetically conditioned.
(16) Presumable this medium was modified repeatedly after its introduction in bacteriology in 1918 by Gassner.
(17) Exposure had no effect on synaptically mediated facilitation or on late inhibition which is presumably associated with calcium-activated increases in potassium conductance.
(18) Treatment of bacterial cells with inhibitors of gyrase at high concentration leads to relaxation of DNA supercoils, presumably through interference with the supercoiling activity of gyrase.
(19) Compared with Sheehan's series in England, it was found the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism in Okayama was presumably less than in England.
(20) In addition, we have shown that long-lived, presumably non-senescent, strains do not arise by suppressor mutation, but lose senescence plasmid DNA by another mechanism.
Presuppose
Definition:
(v. t.) To suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.
Example Sentences:
(1) Such use presupposes the existence of reference values.
(2) A comparison is made between five irradiation methods, the dose distribution and volume doses of which had been ascertained by means of two phantoms presupposed differently large.
(3) Complete transfer of the LC fraction to GC is presupposed for obtaining the required sensitivity.
(4) This procedure presupposes that changes of pulmonary O2 (VO2) associated with increases of external work reflect accurately the increased muscle VO2.
(5) The concept of diagnosis-free therapeutic trials presupposes, however, that a sufficiently large number of patients are cured and that their need of investigation is permanently eliminated.
(6) This presupposes the presence of glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasma.
(7) Passages in the Bible attribute one and the same 'life' ('soul') to both (Book of Proverbs 12: 10) and presuppose 'salvation' or 'preservation' of the two (Psalm 36:7c).
(8) A favorable outcome of pulpotomy combined with the use of calcium hydroxide presupposes that the root pulp is healthy.
(9) Exercise and teaching of musicians presupposes in the individual the constitutive ability to freely execute the finger movements required in the playing of the instrument.
(10) These several observations may be accounted for in terms of a working hypothesis which presupposes a cation carrier complex which pumps K into and Na out of cells of normal volume.
(11) Changes in subjective sensitivity registered in the latter patients did not significantly differ from baseline values and were of opposite direction, which presupposes obligatory combination of EAP with the use of psychoactive drugs during preparation for surgery.
(12) An effective secondary preventive programme to deal with alcohol problems presupposes adequate knowledge of the population's drinking habits, the problems accompanying alcohol abuse, the manner in which the health services encounter the problem drinker, professional expertise in secondary prevention, and the methods shown by research to be effective.
(13) The conceptual organisation of the Knowledge Base presupposes that the framework is structured according to functional, semantic and tier indications, i.e.
(14) The blood supply of horseshoe kidneys is presupposed by evolution.
(15) From the extended period of observation, it can be concluded that pregnancy, birth, puerperium, and lactation do not presuppose any risk of relapse of pulmonary tuberculosis when it is adequately treated even in patients in whom an inactive postchemotherapy cavity persisted.
(16) Public health jurisprudence now presupposes that illness is primarily a matter of individual concern.
(17) In France, though, Rabelais portrayed saints as fools, and coined the phrase: “The wise may be instructed by a fool.” In his great book on Rabelais, Mikhail Bakhtin observes that: “In the eyes of Rabelais’s fool, truth presupposes freedom from personal material interests, from the unholy gift of managing family and personal affairs, but the language of this foolish truth is at the same time earthly and material.” Facebook Twitter Pinterest Illustration by Max Cabanes Modernity and postmodernity have banished this role of Fool.
(18) A quantification of the myocardial hypertrophy by means of the R-potential summation method presupposes a correction of the normal potential decrease in the cardio-electric field.
(19) However, this presupposes that patients entered into such a study are capable of improvement with dietary manipulation.
(20) Most current and past research on the cerebral organization of cognitive functions has presupposed certain specialized hemisphere operations.