(a.) Going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous arrangements; a previous illness.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous use of the drug is found in more than 50 per cent of the patients, and it was often followed by a neglected side-effect.
(2) A series of human cDNA clones of various sizes and relative localizations to the mRNA molecule were isolated by using the human p53-H14 (2.35-kilobase) cDNA probe which we previously cloned.
(3) Since fingernail creatinine (Ncr) reflects serum creatinine (Scr) at the time of nail formation, it has been suggested that Ncr level might represent that of Scr around 4 months previously.
(4) The authors have presented in two previous articles the graphic solutions resembling Tscherning ellipses, for spherical as well as for aspherical ophthalmic lenses free of astigmatism or power error.
(5) Seventeen patients (Group 1) had had no previous surgery, while 13 (Group 2) had had multiple previous operations.
(6) Clinical and roentgenographic criteria could not discriminate between patients with and without pneumonia, confirming the findings of previous investigations.
(7) Previous attempts to purify this enzyme from the liquid endosperm of kernels of Zea mays (sweet corn) were not entirely successful owing to the lability of partially purified preparations during column chromatography.
(8) The taxonomic relationship of strains H4-14 and 25a with previously described Xanthobacter strains was studied by numerical classification.
(9) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(10) Because cystine in medium was converted rapidly to cysteine and cysteinyl-NAC in the presence of NAC and given that cysteine has a higher affinity for uptake by EC than cystine, we conclude that the enhanced uptake of radioactivity was in the form of cysteine and at least part of the stimulatory effect of NAC on EC glutathione was due to a formation of cysteine by a mixed disulfide reaction of NAC with cystine similar to that previously reported for Chinese hamster ovarian cells (R. D. Issels et al.
(11) We have previously shown that serotonin is present in secretory granules of frog adrenochromaffin cells; concurrently, we have demonstrated that serotonin is a potent stimulator of corticosterone and aldosterone secretion by adrenocortical cells.
(12) As the percentage of rabbit feed is very small compared to the bulk of animal feeds, there is a fair chance that rabbit feed will be contaminated with constituents (additives) of batches previously prepared for other animals.
(13) In contrast to previous reports, these tumours were more malignant than osteosarcomas and showed a five-year survival rate of only 4-2 per cent.
(14) The data from this experience as well as others previously reported can yield prognostic indicators of survival in cases of accidental hypothermia.
(15) The previous year, he claimed £1,415 for two new sofas, made two separate claims of £230 and £108 for new bed linen, charged £86 for a new kettle and kitchen utensils and made two separate claims, of £65 and £186, for replacement glasses and crockery.
(16) Some S-100 reactive cells previously interpreted as tumour cells were refound in a few tumours.
(17) The results of our microscopic model confirm that the continuum hypothesis used in our previous macroscopic model is reasonable.
(18) Male sex, age under 19 or over 45, few social supports, and a history of previous suicide attempts are all factors associated with increased suicide rates.
(19) We present these cases and review the previously reported cases.
(20) These data indicate that RNA faithfully transfers "suppressive" as well as "positive" types of immune responses that have been reported previously for lymphocytes obtained directly from tumour-bearing and tumour-immune animals.
Retroactively
Definition:
(adv.) In a retroactive manner.
Example Sentences:
(1) The immunity was enacted by an overwhelming bipartisan vote, with the support of leading Democrats including Barack Obama, who had promised - when seeking his party's nomination - to filibuster any bill that contained retroactive telecom immunity.
(2) Sixty five valid MMPI profiles, based on tests administered during the 1986 calendar year were retroactively scored for a scale designed by Sladen and Mozdzierz (1985) which was reportedly capable of identifying individuals likely to drop out of chemical dependency treatment.
(3) So perhaps, at some distant point in the future, the Nobel committee will find a crass way to play politics at the same time as giving a retroactive nod to Malala – unless she has become president of Pakistan: in which case she'll finally be in the sort of day job that tends to catch their eye.
(4) Just two weeks ago, Manafort registered retroactively with the justice department as a foreign agent for lobbying work he did from 2012 to 2014 for the Ukrainian political party.
(5) "There will not be any retroactive direct recapitalisation," Merkel told a news conference. "
(6) And now, the US supreme court just consecrated one of the most corrupt acts of the US government over the past decade: its vesting of retroactive legal immunity in the nation's telecom giants after they had been caught red-handed violating multiple US eavesdropping laws.
(7) Advantages and possibilities brought about by the method are presented: sensibility, reproducibility and dynamic study of the pattern of neurohormone release, without a possible retroactive action of released substances on the perifused tissue.
(8) Exposure to a session of tones causes retroactive interference through a cognitive effect.
(9) In view of this finding, that as well as a constant regulation with negative retroaction of the corticotrophic-releasing factor--adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)--cortisol system, there exists an externally controlled servomechanism from nervous system activity related to the environment.
(10) The AX labeling reponses showed large contrast effects (both proactive and retroactive) that were greatly reduced when auditory memory was interfered with.
(11) The retroactive legislation, published on Thursday evening and expected to be rushed through parliament on Tuesday, will effectively strike down a decision by three senior judges and deny benefit claimants an average payout of between £530 and £570 each.
(12) The analyst obtains thus the means to understand (also in a retroactive way) the value and the limits of his interpretations.
(13) The possibilities are discussed of stimulating the regulation of the circuit that governs the tumoral defense, keeping the negative retroaction below the limits at which it starts developing exponentially, thereby enhancing anticancer defenses.
(14) Retroactive studies of viral diseases using routinely processed blocks of tissue (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) are therefore conceivable.
(15) Merkel made clear that any direct bank recapitalization, if and when it is allowed, would not be retroactive and could only be applied for future contingencies.
(16) Thirty patients with CPS of lateralized temporal lobe onset [15 left temporal (LT) and 15 right temporal (RT)] were compared with 15 matched controls (NC) on several measures derived from the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), i.e., verbal learning ability, immediate free recall, presence of retroactive interference effects, semantic organization, retrieval efficiency, and recognition memory.
(17) The storage loss occurs because of the retroactive influence of other traces, and the storage retention function is precisely characterized by an underlying Weibull distribution.
(18) The author opposes the two principal conceptions of interpretation: the deterministic conception predominant in Freud, in which the present is determined by the subject's actual past; and the creative hermeneutic conception, which traces its origins back not only to Heidegger and Ricoeur but also to Jung; in the latter view, interpretation cannot but be retroactive, assigning significance to a meaningless past.
(19) Nothing like this had ever been seen before: a massive, open, retroactive evaluation of scientific literature, conducted entirely by computer.
(20) That could include inmates who have not retroactively benefited from recent sentencing reforms, meaning they would face lighter punishments if convicted today.