What's the difference between primer and reprimer?
Primer
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, primes
(n.) an instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion powder or other compound for igniting a charge of gunpowder.
(a.) First; original; primary.
(n.) Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.
(n.) A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or spelling book for a beginner.
(n.) A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.
Example Sentences:
(1) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
(2) Elongation of existing RNA primers by the human polymerase-primase was semi-processive; following primer binding the DNA polymerase continuously incorporated 20 to 50 nucleotides, then it dissociated from the template DNA.
(3) This cDNA was obtained because of an identical 10 bp match with the 3' end of one of the GnRH primers.
(4) When PCR products in each of the 12 cats were subjected to a second amplification using the same primer pair (two-step amplification: double PCR), FIV proviral DNA was detected in all of the cats.
(5) In junctions, 3' PSS termini are preserved by fill-in DNA synthesis, although their 5' recessed ends cannot serve as a primer.
(6) Previous studies demonstrated that, when poly(dT).oligo(dA) was used as a template-primer, both proteins were required for poly(dA) synthesis.
(7) 5'-Ends of transcripts of the region were located by S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension.
(8) Nucleotide incorporation kinetics were determined and sequence specific pausing was analyzed by primer-extension.
(9) Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analysis demonstrate that the hepatic and kidney specific mRNAs are transcriptionally initiated at different sites within the sialyltransferase gene.
(10) alpha 1 and alpha 2 were very similar as DNA polymerases in their sensitivity to several inhibitors and their preference for template-primers, except that alpha 1 had a slightly greater preference for poly (dT) X (rA)10 than alpha 2 did.
(11) Our results indicate that provirus expression occurs by two different mechanisms: one provirus acquired a single base pair mutation in the retrovirus tRNA primer binding site, permitting provirus expression; expression of three proviruses was mediated by 5'-flanking DNA sequences.
(12) Cognate sites in genomes that diverged approximately 100 million years ago can be detected by PCR assays based on primer pairs from unique sequences.
(13) HDV cDNA was then directly amplified with Taq polymerase using three pairs of specific primers.
(14) This reaction involved the synthesis of a short oligoribonucleotide primer which was then extended into a DNA chain.
(15) cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription of peripheral blood mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers corresponding to sequences 400 bp apart on the cDNA, spanning the last three exons (X, Y, Z) of the beta-Sp gene.
(16) B.subtilis phage M2 uses a protein, instead of RNA, as the primer of its DNA replication.
(17) Optimum specific amplification resulted when the primer annealing temperature was 60 degrees C. The gene fragment was amplifiable in 25 different Brucella species and strains.
(18) Primer extension experiments show that in fission yeast transcripts are initiated at the same starting point as in tomato, indicating for the first time that a plant promoter can be correctly recognized in fission yeast.
(19) Genomic clones for the mouse estrogen receptor have been isolated from a cosmid library and used in conjunction with the cDNA clones to study the expression of the receptor in vivo by RNase mapping, primer extension, and Northern blotting.
(20) By using primer 1 (5'-AAAGAATTCATGGAATCCAGGATCTG-3', upstream nucleotides 157 to 2877), primer 2 (5'-AAAGAATTCATGAACGTGAAGGAATCG-3', upstream nucleotides 1846 to 2877), and primer 4(5'-ATAAAGCTTAATCAGACGTTCTCTTCTTC-3', downstream nucleotides 157 to 2877 and 1846 to 2877), the HCMV B gene code region sequence and its glycoprotein 52 kd antigenic domain sequence were amplified from the recombinant plasmid pBH1 DNA containing the HCMV B gene.
Reprimer
Definition:
(n.) A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again.
Example Sentences:
(1) The repriming of K-contractures was more affected by changes in [Ca]0 in normal soleus than in normal extensor digitorum longus and this difference was unaffected by dystrophy.
(2) The difference in repriming time course shows that l.m.h.
(3) The method of measurement allows identification of charge or charges which are 'reprimed' by repolarization.
(4) Raising the external pH in the presence of GABA decreased the GABA-gated peak conductance and increased the fractional desensitization, while lowering the external pH produced opposite effects, and was capable of repriming the conductance from a desensitized state to the non-desensitized state.
(5) At these intermediate concentrations, repriming was less complete in denervated muscle, reflecting the increased speed of delayed contractile inactivation.
(6) The sensitivity of reprimed fibers to paralysis by D600 and D890 was similar.
(7) Attention is paid to some aspects of the sodium and calcium conductance which seem to be specific for heart muscle: 1) recent findings indicate that repriming of the sodium and calcium conductance in heart muscle cannot be described as the reverse process of inactivation; 2) the existence of an important calcium current is well established, but controversial findings have been obtained for the time constant of inactivation; 3) Na and Ca interact in determining the slow channel current.
(8) the time course of repriming of the labile heat, could be described by an equation with two exponential terms in 5% CO2 in accordance with the result of Peckham & Woledge (1986).
(9) However, in adult rat atria, isoprenaline often gave a complex effect, with a smaller degree of repriming at short intervals, and enhanced repriming at longer intervals.
(10) It is concluded that denervation caused changes in the kinetics of mechanical activation, inactivation and repriming and that these aspects of excitation-contraction coupling are normally controlled by an influence of the motor nerve.
(11) At 3 degrees C the long duration of potassium contractures and the delay in the repriming process allow one to carry out solution changes while the responses are still in progress, making it possible to study the processes that determine the contracture time course.2.
(12) In striking contrast, there was no effect of isoprenaline on tension repriming in neonatal guinea pig atria and a retardation in neonatal rat atria.
(13) With D-600, the activation curve was not modified, whereas the inactivation curve could not be obtained, because of repriming failure.
(14) However, at -150 mV, repriming in procaine was quite rapid, the time to half recovery being about 0.4 sec.3.
(15) It is concluded that the altered kinetics of iCa channel repriming caused by beta-adrenoceptor agonist in multicellular preparations is consistent with the action of these drugs in increasing the probability of channel opening and the time spent in the open state.
(16) The isometric twitch tension was measured during superfusion with hypoxic (PO2 less than 30 mmHg), acidic (pH 6.80), glucose-free, or their combined ("ischemic") Tyrode's solution at 20 degrees C. The time needed to fully recover the contraction induced by 10 mM caffeine (repriming time) was measured to indirectly estimate the Ca2+ uptake of the SR.
(17) However, the fact that contractures are prolonged in the cold, and the finding that repriming is delayed, can be utilized in further studies to clarify the mechanism that controls the release of calcium.
(18) The combined pH dependence and voltage dependence of repriming kinetics during lidocaine treatment can be explained by assuming that channels occupied by neutral drug can reactivate most readily at a rate that appears to be coupled to recovery from channel inactivation.
(19) The repriming curve is also shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction in 2T solutions.
(20) Tension appears to develop during repolarization when the reversal of inactivation occurs before the reversal of activation is completed, both steps being necessary to recover the reprimed resting state.