What's the difference between proboscis and retinaculum?
Proboscis
Definition:
(n.) A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.
(n.) By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.
(n.) The nose.
Example Sentences:
(1) New structures reported are mesoboscis retractor muscles, the formation of 3 ligament strands from the proboscis retractor muscles, a teloboscis inflator muscle, and conduit through the protrusor muscle sheath.
(2) Facial features that were identified included a proboscis (three cases), midline facial cleft (three cases), and hypotelorism (five cases).
(3) Carbon-tetrachloride was used to maintain the proper positions of the proboscis and the labella rendering a better view of the fine structures.
(4) After ingesting even a small amount of sucrose, the fly begins making frequent, tight turns, flexes its front tarsi to bring more chemosensory hairs into contact with the substrate and repeatedly extends and retracts its proboscis.
(5) The presence of the stimulant factor was established by forcing gravid females to touch the testing water with tarsi and proboscis.
(6) External nares and nasal passageways, albeit blind-ended, were prominent in the proboscis.
(7) The new genus most closely resembles the genus Acanthocephalus; it differs from this genus in having a distinctive pear-shaped proboscis, a long neck, and hooks which abruptly differ in size.
(8) When an Aedes aegypti mosquito bites you, she – because only the females, which need blood as nutrients for their offspring, bite – will probe your skin with her proboscis as many as 20 times.
(9) had penetrated with their proboscis deeply into the tunica muscularis.
(10) There they seem able to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable external conditions and accordingly they will either leave the proboscis completely or retract into the labium.
(11) Parallel studies were carried out to assess the effects of the two drugs on fly feeding behavior, measured as mean acceptance threshold: the minimum sucrose concentration to which the average fly in a population will respond by proboscis extension when its tarsi contact the solution.
(12) Because of their simplicity and potentially low cost, the techniques described here would be appealing for screening large numbers of tsetse samples from the field for the presence of any trypanosome residing in the guts or proboscis of the vector.
(13) Habituation of the proboscis extension response induced by sugar tarsal stimulation was individually studied in males of Drosophila melanogaster all along the adult life span (2-71 days of age at 25 degrees C).
(14) Vital dye marking experiments also indicate that the entire marginal zone maps to the prominent proboscis that is composed of chordamesoderm and represents the long axis of the embryo.
(15) The response was quantified by recording extracellularly from a muscle involved in proboscis movement, by measuring the duration of the proboscis extension, or by determining the number of trials necessary to abolish any visible response.
(16) Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation.
(17) The pharmacology of adult Phormia regina (Meigen) feeding behavior was explored by injecting candidate drugs into starved blowflies and then determining their responsiveness to aqueous sucrose, via the proboscis extension reflex.
(18) Around the oral parts of the tick an infiltration of collagenous fibres of the connective tissue is formed, which serves for a more firm attachment of the parasite, while beneath the proboscis a light band is formed from which the tick sucks the food substratum.
(19) The cyclopia associated with the medial proboscis suggests that both the telencephalon and diencephalon are dysplastic.
(20) The giant Amazon leech Haementeria ghilianii feeds by inserting an exceedingly long tubular proboscis (up to 10 cm) deep into its mammalian host.
Retinaculum
Definition:
(n.) A connecting band; a fraenum; as, the retinacula of the ileocaecal and ileocolic valves.
(n.) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.
(n.) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.
(n.) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operation revealed a necrotic focus of the patellar tendon in 21 cases, the retinaculum was thick and adherent in 16 patients and an exostosis of the patellar insertion was seen in two cases.
(2) Type I depends basically on malformation of the skin and retinaculum cutis.
(3) The diagnostic criteria of median nerve compression (carpal tunnel syndrome) include morphological and signal changes in the nerve, abnormal palmar convexity of the flexor retinaculum and signs of tenosynovitis of the intracarpal flexor tendons.
(4) We consider them to be bony origins of ligaments: at the sciatic tuber--the bony origin of the sacrotuberal ligament, at the distal fibula--the bony origin of the peroneal compartment of the retinaculum mm extensorum inferius.
(5) Division of the retinaculum flexorum leads to free tendon movement and prevents further tendon degeneration.
(6) It is concluded that: 1) a chronic painful anterior lower leg syndrome should be suspected in patients with pain on walking and at rest located in the ventral part of the lower leg; 2) intracompartmental pressure measurements seem to be of little preoperative diagnostic value in non-selected patients; 3) blind diathermic fasciotomy of the anterior, medial compartment of the lower leg, including the extensor retinaculum, gives relief from pain and paresis in most patients with a typical history.
(7) Restoring stability to the ulna as well as reconstructing a new sheath for the extensor carpi ulnaris can be accomplished in most cases by using the extensor retinaculum.
(8) To arrive at on-target therapy directed etiologically at the root cause of the disease, it will be necessary to differentiate them from one another: insertion tendopathies of the achilles tendon; metabolic diseases; arthritis and chondropathic disease of the ankle joint; hallux rigidus --rotation anomalies; tibia vara; os trigonum impingement syndrome --tendovaginitis of the flexor tendon at the retinaculum flexorum; stress fractures (calcaneus, fibula, tibia) Diagnosis is assisted, besides a detailed and exact clinical examination and an inspection of the sports shoes worn by the patient, by a biomechanical analysis of the running behaviour, an x-ray of the ankle joint, sonographic examination and clarification with the help of laboratory examinations, i.e.
(9) Principal elements of this technique are an improvement of the bony containment of the tendons within the shallowed, malleolar sulcus and the use of the outer layer of the dislocation pouch as superior retinaculum.
(10) In this case, accurate occupational history and reconstruction of work procedure revealed that the cause was direct external pressure bilaterally at the wrist on the flexor retinaculum with the underlying median nerve.
(11) However, in practice, MRI is only useful when there is disagreement between the clinical and EMG findings and in postoperative recurrences, in which case it may reveal insufficient section of the retinaculum or the presence of exuberant postoperative fibrosis responsible for persistent nerve compression.
(12) The symptoms in one case were partially relieved by ligation of the radial artery distal to the fistula, and in both they were abolished by decompression of the median nerve by section of the flexor retinaculum at the wrist.
(13) A contributing factor generally not recognized initially is a volarly displaced fragment of distal radius compressing the median nerve against the proximal edge of the flexor retinaculum.
(14) Choice of a surgical procedure depends upon the anatomy of the peroneal groove and the retinaculum, and the nature of the damage to the area.
(15) Histological investigation of the resected lateral retinaculum suggested that pain originated in the lateral retinaculum in many patients, and that degenerative changes in the nerves of the lateral retinaculum may be an important cause of pain in patients with patellofemoral disorders.
(16) Substance-P fibers were isolated in the retinaculum, fat pad, periosteum, and subchondral plate of patellae affected with degenerative disease.
(17) With flexion, the tendons shifted anteriorly toward the retinaculum, and the median nerve was found in one of three positions.
(18) In these patients the flexor retinaculum was split and resected.
(19) It innervates the flexor retinaculum and the skin of the heel pad.
(20) The carpal tunnel syndrome is described as a compression of the N. medianus under the retinaculum flexorum with the causes for this syndrome being of the most varied nature.