What's the difference between promoter and terminator?

Promoter


Definition:

  • (n.) One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy.
  • (n.) Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock company, or the like.
  • (n.) One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.
  • (n.) An informer; a makebate.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The findings indicate that there is still a significant incongruence between the value structure of most family practice units and that of their institutions but that many family practice units are beginning to achieve parity of promotion and tenure with other departments in their institutions.
  • (2) Comparison of wild type and the mutant parD promoter sequences indicated that three short repeats are likely involved in the negative regulation of this promoter.
  • (3) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
  • (4) We also show that the gene of the main capsid protein is expressed from its own promoter in an Escherichia coli strain.
  • (5) In contrast, the effects of deltamethrin and cypermethrin promote transmitter release by a Na+ dependent process.
  • (6) The effects of hormonal promotion of T24-ras oncogene-transfected rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) were compared to cotransformation of these cells with adenovirus E1A and ras.
  • (7) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
  • (8) 4) Parents imagined that fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and beverages with lactic acid promoted tooth decay.
  • (9) This promotion of repetitive activity by the introduction of additional potassium channels occurred up to an "optimal" value beyond which a further increase in paranodal potassium permeability narrowed the range of currents with a repetitive response.
  • (10) They have actively intervened with governments, and particularly so in Africa.” José Luis Castro, president and chief executive officer of Vital Strategies, an organisation that promotes public health in developing countries, said: “The danger of tobacco is not an old story; it is the present.
  • (11) It is time to start over with an approach to promoting wellbeing in foreign countries that is empirical rather than ideological.
  • (12) The yeasts amounts used did not protect the test animals from the kidney infiltration with lipids and cholesterol; 12 g of yeasts per 100 g of the ration promoted elevation of sialic acid content in the blood plasma.
  • (13) Tumor promoting phorbol esters (1-1000 nM) could also inhibit PGE2 stimulated cAMP production dose dependently.
  • (14) The data indicate that adult neurons with an intrinsic ability to regenerate axons can respond to substances with neurotrophic or neurite-promoting activities in tissue cultures.
  • (15) The 21K peptide had little direct effect on the selection of promoters in vitro as measured by this technique, but it dramatically increased the translatability of the product.
  • (16) It was found that these Hageman factor fragments promoted rapid proteolysis of one-chain factor VII to a more active two-chain form.
  • (17) As a result, trnK is under the control of the psbA promoter in this species and has therefore acquired psbA-like expression characteristics.
  • (18) Genetic regulation of the ilvGMEDA cluster involves attenuation, internal promoters, internal Rho-dependent termination sites, a site of polarity in the ilvG pseudogene of the wild-type organism, and autoregulation by the ilvA gene product, the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase.
  • (19) One promoter factors is identical to u-EBP-E, an enhancer binding protein.
  • (20) Endogeneous satellite cells in skeletal muscle regenerating from bupivacaine damage were infected with an injected retrovirus containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the promoter control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long-terminal repeat.

Terminator


Definition:

  • (n.) One who, or that which, terminates.
  • (n.) The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of the moon.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence contained both amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences.
  • (2) Treatment termination due to lack of efficacy or combined insufficient therapeutic response and toxicity proved to be influenced by the initial disease activity and by the rank order of prescription.
  • (3) We have examined the insertion of bovine 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P45017 alpha) into the endoplasmic reticulum of COS 1 cells to evaluate the functional role of its hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence and membrane insertion.
  • (4) The use of glucagon in double-contrast studies of the colon has been recommended for various reasons, one of which is to facilitate reflux of barium into the terminal ileum.
  • (5) Amino acid sequence analysis showed that both peaks had identical N-terminal sequences through the first 28 residues.
  • (6) Plasma NPY correlated better with plasma norepinephrine than with epinephrine, indicating its origin from sympathetic nerve terminals.
  • (7) As a group, the three mammalian proteins resemble bovine serum conglutinin and behave as lectins with rather broad sugar specificities directed at certain non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, glucose and fucose residues, but with subtle differences in fine specificities.
  • (8) In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc), the collaterals of one half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina V at the rostral and middle levels of Vc.
  • (9) The amino-terminal region of a 70 kDa mitochondrial outer membrane protein of yeast and the presequence of cytochrome c1, an inner membrane protein exposed to the intermembrane space, are thought to be responsible for localizing the proteins in their final destinations after synthesis in the cytosol.
  • (10) The mtRF-1 could translate all of the known termination codons in the rat mitochondrial genome.
  • (11) However, none of the nerve terminals making synaptic contacts with glomus cells exhibited SP-like immunoreactivity.
  • (12) The B cell epitopes included regions of transition between the more hydropathic (including the N-terminal end of the F1 and F2 protein) and hydrophilic sequences.
  • (13) Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been found to occur in nerve terminals and fibres of the normal human skin using immunohistochemistry.
  • (14) The seve polypeptide chains investigated had generalyy similar properties; all contained two residues per molecule of tryptophan and N-acetylserine was the common N-terminal amino acid residue.
  • (15) Urine specimens from patient REE also contained a light chain fragment that lacked the first (amino-terminal) 85 residues of the native light chain but otherwise was identical in sequence to the light chain REE.
  • (16) The presence of a few key residues in the amino-terminal alpha-helix of each ligand is sufficient to confer specificity to the interaction.
  • (17) The earliest degenerative changes were seen in sensory and motor terminals at 20-24 h after the lesion.
  • (18) The terminal half-life averaged 12 h following intravenous and 15 h after oral administration.
  • (19) A retrospective study examined the reactions to the termination of pregnancy for fetal malformation and the follow up services that were available.
  • (20) A reduction in neonatal deaths from this cause might be expected if facilities for antenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy were made available, although this raises grave ethical problems.