What's the difference between prothallus and protonema?
Prothallus
Definition:
(n.) The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; the oophoric generation of ferns, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the light two-dimensional growth occurs which results in a heart-shaped prothallus one cell thick.
(2) This led us to model the morphogenesis of the prothallus.
(3) Furthermore, the pattern of plasmodesmata distribution is predictable so that (1) we can identify the apical meristematic cells by their plasmodesmata number, or density, as well as by their size, shape and location, (2) we can predict, again from plasmodesmata number, the location of a future wall of the apical cell prior to its actual formation, (3) we can show that the density of plasmodesmata in the triangular apical cell of the prothallus (14 plasmodesmata microns-2) is comparable to those reported for secretory glands which are known to have high rates of plasmodesmatal transport and (4) we can show that once the plasmodesmata have been formed during division, no subsequent change in the number of plasmodesmata occurs following cell plate formation.
(4) As the prothallus grows the number of plasmodesmata increases 50-fold in the apical or meristematic cell.
(5) the transition from the tip-growing filament to the planar prothallus.
Protonema
Definition:
(n.) The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.
Example Sentences:
(1) The filamentous protonema of this moss initiates bud cells which through repeated divisions form the leafy gametophores.
(2) Growing chloronema and rhizoid cells of the intact protonema of Funaria hygrometrica absorb luminescent stains selectively.
(3) In addition, increasing concentrations of AFB1 caused a reduction in the total number of cells per protonema.
(4) The filamentous protonema undergoes a number of developmental transitions that can be observed directly in living material using time-lapse video microscopy and that can be manipulated both by treatment with phytohormones and by environmental stimuli.
(5) Changes in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) after cytokinin-treatment in protonema cells of the moss Funaria hygrometrica have been measured using the pentapotassium salt of Indo-1.
(6) The anion stain (uranine) is absorbed by the basal end of the apical cells and by intercalary cells of the protonema filaments.
(7) Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) gametophytes when grown in the dark form a linear file of cells (one-dimensional) called a protonema.