(n.) The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.
(n.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.
Example Sentences:
(1) 25% of the incorporated radioactivity in protoplast lysates and approx.
(2) We have isolated an auxin-regulated cDNA, parB, from the early stage of cultured tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.
(3) Several subcellular fractions were derived from OK-432 and only the cytoplasmic and protoplast membrane fractions showed cytotoxic activity against the OK-432-sensitive tumor cell lines, although the cytotoxicity obtained was greatly less than the whole microorganism OK-432.
(4) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(5) Osmotic gradient across the membrane of nonsonicated liposomes and rose petal protoplasts are shown to induce swelling.
(6) Unlike malate oxidation by osmotically shocked protoplasts, endogenous protoplast repiration was resistant to ferricianide 5.10(-4) M).
(7) The inhibition was also observed when cells were incubated with mercaptoethanol or when mercaptoethanol and DTT were used to prepare protoplasts.
(8) Regeneration of cells from protoplasts was monitored throughout the growth cycle and was most efficient when cells of either S. fradiae or S. griseofuscus were taken from the transition phase between the exponential and stationary growth phases.
(9) (2) Protoplast fusion analysis indicates that rosamicin-nonproducing characteristics of MR 217-AF2 and MR 217-AF3 strains induced by the acriflavine treatment is due to chromosomal mutation or rearrangement but not to loss of a plasmid.
(10) When electroporated into maize protoplasts from a suspension cell line not synthesizing anthocyanins, reporter genes with Bz2, Bz1, and A1 promoters are expressed only when both R and C1 expression plasmids are co-electroporated.
(11) In the presence of a suitable carbon source, whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized glycerol as a compatible organic solute in response to increased external osmotic pressure.
(12) Tobacco protoplasts were transformed with an expression construct containing a translational fusion between mature alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and the signal peptide of the tobacco PR-S protein.
(13) The number of binding sites on bacilli and protoplasts is determined for each phage.
(14) In both the experiments there were detected cells in their majority with thinner walls, L-form-like structures, protoplasts and single conglomerates of the cells with thicker walls and anomalous division and the cells at the moment of lysis.
(15) Rate determinations were made with both, intact cells and with preparations containing secreted enzymes from protoplasts.
(16) The effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions on the efficiency of the plasmid transformation of lysozyme-treated Streptococcus lactis protoplasts were compared.
(17) Tnt1 has been isolated after its transposition into the nitrate reductase (NR) structural gene of tobacco, and transposition events have been detected through in vitro selection of spontaneous NR-deficient (NR-) mutant lines in cell cultures derived from tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.
(18) The effect of treatment of the protoplasts and cell membranes of C. albicans with polyenic entibiotics on formation of the ribosomal-membrane complex was studied in vitro.
(19) On the other hand, R medium without MgCl2 but with penicillin G supported development of L-form type colonies at high rate (13-15%) from the inoculated protoplasts.
(20) In comparison, in protoplasts a region upstream of the AC2 open reading frame was shown to have moderate promoter activity.
Protoplastic
Definition:
(a.) First-formed.
Example Sentences:
(1) 25% of the incorporated radioactivity in protoplast lysates and approx.
(2) We have isolated an auxin-regulated cDNA, parB, from the early stage of cultured tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.
(3) Several subcellular fractions were derived from OK-432 and only the cytoplasmic and protoplast membrane fractions showed cytotoxic activity against the OK-432-sensitive tumor cell lines, although the cytotoxicity obtained was greatly less than the whole microorganism OK-432.
(4) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(5) Osmotic gradient across the membrane of nonsonicated liposomes and rose petal protoplasts are shown to induce swelling.
(6) Unlike malate oxidation by osmotically shocked protoplasts, endogenous protoplast repiration was resistant to ferricianide 5.10(-4) M).
(7) The inhibition was also observed when cells were incubated with mercaptoethanol or when mercaptoethanol and DTT were used to prepare protoplasts.
(8) Regeneration of cells from protoplasts was monitored throughout the growth cycle and was most efficient when cells of either S. fradiae or S. griseofuscus were taken from the transition phase between the exponential and stationary growth phases.
(9) (2) Protoplast fusion analysis indicates that rosamicin-nonproducing characteristics of MR 217-AF2 and MR 217-AF3 strains induced by the acriflavine treatment is due to chromosomal mutation or rearrangement but not to loss of a plasmid.
(10) When electroporated into maize protoplasts from a suspension cell line not synthesizing anthocyanins, reporter genes with Bz2, Bz1, and A1 promoters are expressed only when both R and C1 expression plasmids are co-electroporated.
(11) In the presence of a suitable carbon source, whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized glycerol as a compatible organic solute in response to increased external osmotic pressure.
(12) Tobacco protoplasts were transformed with an expression construct containing a translational fusion between mature alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and the signal peptide of the tobacco PR-S protein.
(13) The number of binding sites on bacilli and protoplasts is determined for each phage.
(14) In both the experiments there were detected cells in their majority with thinner walls, L-form-like structures, protoplasts and single conglomerates of the cells with thicker walls and anomalous division and the cells at the moment of lysis.
(15) Rate determinations were made with both, intact cells and with preparations containing secreted enzymes from protoplasts.
(16) The effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions on the efficiency of the plasmid transformation of lysozyme-treated Streptococcus lactis protoplasts were compared.
(17) Tnt1 has been isolated after its transposition into the nitrate reductase (NR) structural gene of tobacco, and transposition events have been detected through in vitro selection of spontaneous NR-deficient (NR-) mutant lines in cell cultures derived from tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.
(18) The effect of treatment of the protoplasts and cell membranes of C. albicans with polyenic entibiotics on formation of the ribosomal-membrane complex was studied in vitro.
(19) On the other hand, R medium without MgCl2 but with penicillin G supported development of L-form type colonies at high rate (13-15%) from the inoculated protoplasts.
(20) In comparison, in protoplasts a region upstream of the AC2 open reading frame was shown to have moderate promoter activity.