(v. t.) To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.
(v. t.) To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty.
(v. t.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.
(v. t.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; -- opposed to retract.
(n.) Tedious continuance or delay.
Example Sentences:
(1) AL-ST works with another dose distribution in time than the conventional brachytherapy, so a higher fractionation of high-dose-rate afterloading is substituted for the classical protraction of low-dose-rate brachytherapy.
(2) Whereas a protracted inhibitory activity is observed in haemophiliacs after replacement therapy (isoantibodies) as well as in acquired haemophilia (autoantibodies), immediate inhibition is characteristic of antibodies directed against phospholipids.
(3) A small number of children with protracted diarrhoea, who have severe mucosal injury may not be able to handle even starch and may require diets based on short chain glucose polymers.
(4) The effects of maxillary protracting bow appliance were the maxillary forward movement associated with counter-clockwise rotation of the nasal floor and the mandibular backward movement associated with clockwise rotation.
(5) A high responsiveness to SCW antigens was seen more frequently in sarcoidosis patients with protracted clinical course.
(6) A downward protraction force produced relatively uniform stress distributions, indicating the importance of the force direction in determining the stress distributions from various orthopedic forces.
(7) Reports in the literature suggest a poor prognosis in the presence of this complication, because of protracted renal damage and chronic renal failure.
(8) However, in the majority (53%) of patients, late recurrence was local and survival subsequent to treatment of these metastases was often protracted, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up in all patients with cutaneous melanoma.
(9) According to data in the literature the hormetic effect comprises stimulation of the immune system, a general increase of the resistance of the organism, a reduced risk of cancer and in model organisms a protraction of the median life span was observed.
(10) Human cancers undergo protracted complex development from benign to malignant states, as most thoroughly documented in the mole-to-melanoma sequence.
(11) Pouch young are born prior to retinal innervation of the primary visual centers and spend a protracted period of development in the pouch, making them ideal for visual, developmental studies.
(12) They say an increasing number of “protracted refugees” living in centres in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq will attempt the treacherous journey to Europe because they cannot offer their families a life or a future in the camps.
(13) The duration of the pre-ejection period of the systole, the Q-Kd interval and Achilles tendon reflex was protracted.
(14) Initial clinical trials utilized a daily schedule of administration, which led to severe and protracted myelosuppression and inadequate evaluation of the antitumor spectrum of mitomycin-C.
(15) Immature granulocytes would not exit through a restrictive barrier even after protracted periods and were not responsive to chemoattractants.
(16) The predominant clinical characteristic of this complication was protracted pancytopenia, which required 2 to 5 months recovery time after treatment and did not resolve in one patient.
(17) RBE values increased as dose was protracted, largely due to the reduced effectiveness of protracted gamma irradiation; however, about 28% of the increase can be attributed to the increase in neutron-induced injury caused by dose protraction.
(18) I have not known any time in my half century in this business in which we have had this many simultaneous, complex and protracted crises, of no solution right now.
(19) Within each layer deriving from the cortical plate (layers VIa to II-III), GABA-immunoreactivity showed a protracted maturation in which the first GABA-positive cells were detected a few days after cell birth but substantial numbers of neurons began to express GABA considerably later.
(20) Dose response curves for acute and protracted exposures have been obtained for cells derived from patients with cancer-prone syndromes including ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Bloom's syndrome.
Protractor
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.
(n.) A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.
(n.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.
(n.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to retractor.
(n.) An adjustable pattern used by tailors.
Example Sentences:
(1) Amongst heart, rectum and radula protractor muscles of Pila globosa, the heart showed a negative inotropic and negative chronotropic response while the rectum and radula protractor showed a positive tonotropic response to exogenously applied acetycholine (ACh).
(2) During each scratch cycle, the monoarticular knee extensor muscle is active when the limb rubs against the stimulated site, and there is rhythmic alternation between hip protractor and hip retractor muscle activity (Robertson et al., 1985).
(3) Interneurons are demonstrated in which membrane potential oscillations mirror the leg position or show correlation with the motoneuronal activity of the protractor and retractor coxae muscles during walking.
(4) Objective measurement of the optic nerve head (ONH)-foveal angle, representing the torsional status of 40 eyes in 20 normal patients, was performed by fundus photography and compared to a method utilizing an indirect ophthalmoscope and protractor described herein.
(5) Considering the demands for availability, simplicity, applicability, and precision, a new method employing a mobile C-arm fluoroscope equipped with a protractor is used for assessment.
(6) Tongue-muscle-controlling motoneurons (tongue-protractor motoneurons (PMNs) and tongue-retractor motoneurons (RMNs)) were identified antidromically, and synaptic inputs in response to electrical stimuli applied to various points in the thalamus (mainly the posterocentral thalamic nucleus) were examined.
(7) Maxillary protractors were used beneficially at the period of the dento-craniofacial growth spurt.
(8) The protractor and retractor neurons inhibited each other.
(9) In a rostral scratch, the monoarticular knee extensor muscle is active during the latter portion of hip protractor muscle activity; in a caudal scratch, the monoarticular knee extensor muscle is active near the end of hip retractor muscle activity.
(10) The most clinically useful were cervical rotation using a protractor, cervical lateral flexion using a goniometer, thoracolumbar flexion as the C7 to iliac crest line distraction, thoracolumbar lateral flexion as the fingertip to floor distance and the modified Schober index.
(11) Two antagonistic groups of neurons, active in protractor and retractor phases of the feeding cycle, were found in the buccal ganglia of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina.
(12) The electrical stimuli applied to the glossopharyngeal nerve (ipsilateral lingual branch) evoked polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in tongue-protractor motoneurons and mixed mono- and polysynaptic EPSPs in tongue-retractor motoneurons.
(13) This included objective assessment of urethral axial positions and mobility with use of a specially designed protractor.
(14) In the stick insect (Carausius morosus) imposed forward and backward movements of the coxa of the middle leg induce resistance reflexes in the retractor or protractor coxae muscles, depending on the direction of movement.
(15) Patients with GED had significantly lower mean lid protractor force generation than normal subjects, although GED patients with compressive optic neuropathy did not show this difference.
(16) In some of the experiments, the hyperpolarization of group 1 neurons resulted in cessation of both their activity and the activity of all other protractor neurons.
(17) After an appropriate number of interrupted mattress sutures were placed along the host annulus, one of the 11 protractor rings was chosen and used to copy the partition onto the sewing ring with a tissue pen.
(18) The extensors of the head and neck, the protractors and retractors of the forelimb and the extensors of the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints are relatively stronger developed than those in Canidae and Felidae.
(19) With the help of the urethral protractor, the urethral stump can be directed into various positions in order to simplify the localization and control of bleeding close to the urethra.
(20) Most of the currently known FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) of molluscs were tested in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in the two standard bioassays for FMRFamide: the radula protractor muscle of the whelk Busycon contrarium, and the isolated heart of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria.