What's the difference between pyridyl and radical?
Pyridyl
Definition:
(n.) A hypothetical radical, C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to phenyl.
Example Sentences:
(1) Five derivatives of 2-(3-aminopropionyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (2a-e) were obtained, which yielded, as a result of reduction with LiAlH4, five respective 2-aminopropyl-derivatives (3a-e).
(2) Maximum potency was displayed by N-tert-pentyl-N'-3 pyridyl-N"-cyanoguanidine (20).
(3) The oxazolidinone compound E3709, which contains a 4-pyridyl group, was found to be more active in vitro than other members of this series, such as DuP 721.
(4) Probing of the active site of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was carried out with a spin label derived from 2-methyl-1,2-bis(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone (metyrapone).
(5) This metabolite was isolated from the urine of chronically dosed dogs and was identified by mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectrometry as the N-oxide, 2-phenyl-1-(4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-2-propanol.
(6) Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping methodology has been used to study the reactions of manganese dusts with glutathione, employing alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin traps.
(7) The three N-pyridyl-2-phenylsuccinimides [N-(3-methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-p-chlorophenylsuccinimide (I-11); N-(3-methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-phenylsuccinimide (I-10) and N-(3-pyridyl)-2-phenylsuccinimide (I-6)], examined by means of X-ray structure analysis, have been previously subjected to extensive pharmacological screening, with regard to their anticonvulsive activity.
(8) In attempt to increase hydrophilicity, 1-substituted 2(3'-pyridyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazoles were prepared by reaction of 2-(3'-pyridyl)-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazole(4) with alkyl epoxides or ethyl chloroacetate.
(9) In toxicological studies, the test compound FOE 3440 A, a [(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy]phenoxypropanoate with herbicidal properties, produced a severe increase in weight and an intensive induction of monoxygenases activity in the mouse, but not in the rat.
(10) Large differences have been observed between the physical, chemical, and insecticidal properties of four representatives of a closely related series of O,O-dialkyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphates and phosphorothioates.
(11) Levels of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) were used to measure the extent of methyl hydroxylation, whereas levels of the aldehyde, 4-oxo-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (OPB), were used to quantify the extent of methylene hydroxylation.
(12) Pyridyl-biphenylyl-acetamide (diphenpyramide, Z-876) is a new bisphenylalcanoic derivative with marked anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and uricosuric properties.
(13) Effects of the K+ channel blocking agent, glyburide, on the actions of two K+ channel openers, BRL 34915 (cromakalim) and P 1060 (Leo), a potent pinacidil derivative (N-(t-butyl)-N"-cyano-N'-3-pyridyl-guanidine), were ascertained.
(14) HPLC-EPR analyses of the reaction mixtures of microsomal suspensions incubated with ADP, ferric chloride, NADPH and alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (4-POBN) were performed.
(15) The nicotine derived N-nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), is a potent respiratory carcinogen in the Syrian golden hamster.
(16) The nephrotoxicity of (6R,7R)-7-(2-[3,5-Dichloro-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridyl]-acetamido)-3-([(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio]methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, Refosporen), cephalothin, cefazolin and gentamicin was investigated by the determination of alanine-amino-peptidase (AAP) in urine of healthy volunteers.
(17) 4-(3-Pyridyl)thiazole and 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with anticholinergic antisecretory activity were synthesized.
(18) The particularly interesting compound (E)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]-1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]- pyrimidine-7-one was chosen for wider pharmacological investigation.
(19) 3 Only half the compounds blocked the inhibitory effects of ATP, and all of these had a chemically reactive group (nitro, methoxy or pyridyl) in the 2'2-position.
(20) Of the 12 P-450 forms, P-450 1A2 had the highest activity in catalyzing the conversion of NNK to the keto alcohol, 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.
Radical
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.
(a.) Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
(a.) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
(a.) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
(a.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
(n.) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
(n.) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.
(n.) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
(n.) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
(n.) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue.
(n.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
(a.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
Example Sentences:
(1) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
(2) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The role of O2 free radicals in the reduction of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase, which occurs during reperfusion of ischemic heart, was examined in isolated guinea pig heart using exogenous scavengers of O2 radicals and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
(5) Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on both fresh and on paraffin embedded samples obtained by gastroscopic biopsies in 5 patients with histologically normal gastric mucosa (20 specimens) and by radical gastrectomies in 9 cases of human gastric cancer (36 specimens).
(7) Residual cancer was found in the radical prostatectomy specimen in 11 of the 29 stage-A1 patients (38%) and in 66 of the 86 stage-A2 patients (77%).
(8) This may be due to DMSO's ability to scavenge free radicals.
(9) A more radical surgery is recommended but with the limitation that the operative method must be adapted to the operative finding.
(10) The present study explored the possibility that SOD-mimics such as desferrioxamine-Mn(III) chelate [DF-Mn] or cyclic nitroxide stable free radicals could protect from O2-.-independent damage.
(11) Treatment modalities included: partial temporal bone resection, subtotal temporal bone resection, total temporal bone resection, radical mastoidectomy followed by radiation therapy, radiation therapy alone, and chemotherapy.
(12) Leaders of Tory local government are preparing radical proposals for minimum 10% cuts in public spending in the search for savings.
(13) Plays like The Workhouse Donkey (1963) and Armstrong's Last Goodnight (1964) were staged in major theatres, but as the decade progressed so his identification with the increasingly radical climate of the times began to lead away from the mainstream theatre.
(14) 78% of the recurrences were seen two years postoperatively and 27% were asymptomatic; 10% underwent radical operation, 27% palliative operation and 63% conservative treatment.
(15) The kinetics of bimolecular decay of alpha-tocopheroxyl free radicals (T) was studied by ESR mainly in ethanol and heptanol solvents.
(16) While the correlations between speed and accuracy reversed over time, the abnormal vision group began and ended at the most extreme levels, having undergone a significantly more radical shift in this regard.
(17) NPR reported that investigators have not found telltale signs associated with Islamist radicalization , such as a change in mosques or abrupt shifts in behavior or family associations.
(18) The second triplet, which was stable in the dark at 4.2 K following illumination, was assigned to the radical pair Donor+I-.
(19) It may be due to relative nonreactivity of ascorbic acid free radical that free radical chain reactions, found commonly in radical chemistry, do not occur in the scavenging reaction by ascorbic acid.
(20) The free radical scavengers mannitol, thiourea, benzoate, and 4-methylmercapto-2-oxobutyrate protected either native cells exposed to H2O2 or pretreated hepatocytes exposed to H2O2 and given ferric or ferrous iron.