What's the difference between pyrogallate and pyrogallol?
Pyrogallate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of pyrogallol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Treat the eye as follows: 1) 50% pyridine for at least 16 hr, 2) distilled water 3--4 hr, 3) 20% H2O2 until the eye is a light brown, 4) 95% ethanol overnight, 5) 1.5% AgNO3 for 2--6 days at 37 C, 6) in water, remove the vitreous, then direct 0.25% pyrogallic acid in 1.25% formalin against the retina for 2--5 secs until the optic fibers are reduced to a coffee-copper color (1--4 minutes), 7) dissect the retina and mount flat on a glass slide, 8) cover with glycerin, apply a coverslip, and fix in place with nail polish.
(2) The method involves the use of a permeability cell assembly and the spectrophotometric determïnation of oxygen with an alkaline pyrogallic acid solution.
(3) This procedure involves glutaraldehyde fixation, pretreatment with methanol-acetic acid, impregnation in a 1.5% colloidal solution of silver nitrate containing gelatin, and pyrogallic reduction of whole tissue blocks.
(4) Seven phenolic compounds that are widely distributed among the angiosperm plants--catechol, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, beta-resorcylic acid, and vanillin--are able to induce the expression of the virulence loci.
Pyrogallol
Definition:
(n.) A phenol metameric with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.
Example Sentences:
(1) We adapted the pyrogallol red-molybdate method for total urinary protein to the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer.
(2) Although pyrogallol inhibited the effects of SNP, the action profile generally resembled the action profile for NANC responses more closely than did the profiles for S-nitroso-L-cysteine or NO.
(3) The hydrolytic products of lignins, humic acids and industrial waste including hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol and 1,2,4-benzenetriol are widely distributed in water sources.
(4) The SCN- normally present in human saliva will reduce observed reaction rates by simple competition kinetics in the ABTS, guaiacol and pyrogallol assays and will increase the rates observed when Cl- is used as a donor in NBS assay for MPO.
(5) Pyrogallol reduced the concentrations of SAM in a similar manner in both areas and increased SAH much more in the cortex than in the striatum; these effects corresponded to that on O-methylation in terms of dose-effect relationships, indicating that there is no compartmentation of SAM with respect to the methylation process in which it is used.
(6) EC SOD activity in rabbit and guinea-pig serum, measured by a modified pyrogallol assay, eluted just before ceruloplasmin activity, but rat and bovine serum activity eluted after ceruloplasmin (apparent mol.
(7) In vitro pretreatment of aortic rings with gossypol (10(-6)-10(-5) M), pyrogallol (10(-5) M), hemoglobin (10(-6) M), and NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG, 10(-4) M) inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by carbachol.
(8) The antioxidant efficiency of some polyhydric phenols was determined kinetically and found to be catechol greather than pyrogallol greater than hydroquinone greather than resorcinol greater than n-propyl gallate for the benzaldehyde photooxidation.
(9) In addition to small molecules such as pyrogallol, human serum proteins, albumin and gamma-globulin, are shown to be substrates of the oxidizing model.
(10) The stoichiometry of pyrogallol conversion to phloroglucinol was independent of the amount of tetrahydroxybenzene added.
(11) The pyrogallol red-molybdate(IV) method has sensitivity and specificity similar to that for other semiquantitative assays, but it is less expensive and sample throughput can be high if microtiter plate techniques are used.
(12) When the rats were pretreated with pyrogallol, free 3H-DOPEG accounted for nearly 50% of the radioactivity retained in the three areas of the central nervous system after in vivo labelling with 3H-NA.
(13) The micronucleus test using mouse bone-marrow polychromatic erythrocytes was used to study the extent to which benzo[a]pyrene (BP) mutagenicity was inhibited by mixtures of simple phenols (resorcinol and pyrogallol) with and without the complex hindered-phenol antioxidant dibunol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
(14) The inhibitory activity of etozoline towards serotonin- and histamine-induced contractions was reduced by pyrogallol and by methylene blue, whereas it was potentiated by superoxide-dismutase.
(15) SOD activity was measured by pyrogallol assay in ethanol-chloroform extracts of the thyroid homogenates.
(16) The pyrogallol autoxidation assay for superoxide dismutase was adapted for analysis by centrifugal analyzer.
(17) However, unfractionated fluid samples caused interferences with the xanthine oxidase based SOD assays, though not with the pyrogallol method.
(18) The catechol or pyrogallol moiety did not exert preferential activity towards the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase because morin, which contains a meta-dihydroxy configuration, was the most potent ATPase inhibitor.
(19) In some metabolites of benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate or glutaraldehyde, only pyrogallol showed positive genotoxicity in the absence of S9 mixture and the activity was not affected by the metabolic activation system.
(20) A novel mechanism deduced from these data involves intermolecular transfer of the hydroxyl moiety from the cosubstrate (1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene) to the substrate (pyrogallol), thus forming the product (phloroglucinol) and regenerating the cosubstrate.