What's the difference between quadrivalent and trivalent?
Quadrivalent
Definition:
(a.) Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are quadrivalent elements.
Example Sentences:
(1) We found that a translocation quadrivalent could be recognized easily in the light microscope using these methods.
(2) In the same boar, the lengths of the fully synapsed arms of the quadrivalent varies from one quadrivalent to the other and heterosynapsis was obvious.
(3) Our results showed that, at least for one locus, the homozygous gametes mainly resulted from pairing of homologous chromosomes rather than from pairing of homologous chromosomes, quadrivalent formation, and chromatin exchanges between homologous chromosomes.
(4) The pharmacokinetics of iproplatin, a quadrivalent second-generation platinum complex the dose-limiting toxicity of which is myelosuppression, was studied in patients with different degrees of renal function impairment.
(5) However the levels of seroresponse to this virus were no very different from those obtained with the quadrivalent vaccine.
(6) Meiotic studies showed a quadrivalent configuration at diakinesis and this was confirmed by C-banding.
(7) However, the 4X axis of these translocation quadrivalents undergoes extensive shortening.
(8) Therefore, the propositus' abnormal karyotype was interpreted as the result from an adjacent type 1 malsegregation of the meiotic paternal quadrivalent MI22,IV (5p 14;13q13).
(9) Feasible potential interventions include banning smoking in the jail and immunization with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine of booked men sentenced for one month or more.
(10) A few show chromosome associations (bivalents, trivalents and, more rarely, quadrivalent chains) besides univalents.
(11) A non-random association was found between the quadrivalent and the sex vesicle in 77% of the pachytene nuclei analysed.
(12) We also examined the congression of two newly made quadrivalents when they orient with three kinetochores to one pole and one to the other.
(13) The percentage of spermatocytes displaying multivalent configurations varied with the translocation, but the average percentage appeared to depend on the species: fewer quadrivalents were observed in hamster than in guinea-pig heterozygotes and most were recorded for rabbit heterozygotes.
(14) The quadrivalents observed had a ring configuration (92.3%) or a chain configuration (7.7%).
(15) The quadrivalent second-generation platinum complex iproplatin and an in vivo divalent metabolite of iproplatin, cis-dichloro-bis-isopropylamine platinum (CIP) were tested for binding to DNA in vitro.
(16) Iproplatin is a quadrivalent second-generation platinum complex undergoing clinical evaluation.
(17) The nature of the contact between the quadrivalent and the sex vesicle is discussed in this paper.
(18) It is shown that a delay in synapsis affects the segments corresponding to the short arms of the acrocentrics involved in the formation of quadrivalents.
(19) Pentavalent configurations occurred in 74.5% of 98 Ts16 MI and 44.2% of 249 Ts19 MI oocytes; quadrivalents (with a univalent acrocentric) were found in 9.2% of Ts16 MI and 10.8% of Ts19 MI oocytes.
(20) We studied the orientation and segregation of a particular quadrivalent in living grasshopper spermatocytes.
Trivalent
Definition:
(a.) Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding is inhibited by divalent and trivalent cations (Cd2+ and La3+ being most potent) and other calcium channel drugs (1,4 dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines).
(2) Trivalent oral poliovaccine is used in Argentina to prevent poliomyelitis.
(3) The trivalent vaccine is intended to protect against currently circulating strains of influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses and may provide partial protection against the new influenza A(H1N1) variant.
(4) The second tool is trivalent arsenical affinity chromatography, which we use to show novel direct interactions between trivalent arsenicals and several proteins from 3T3-L1 adipocytes including the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, the insulin proreceptor, and both the alpha and beta subunits of tubulin.
(5) Trivalent oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine or enhanced potency inactivated vaccine administered at ages 4 and 12 months.
(6) The results of validation tests showed that both Cr(VI) and trivalent chromium, Cr(III), were stable in the collection medium and that samples may be stored for up to 100 days without appreciable loss of Cr(VI).
(7) The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater.
(8) Antibody production in kwashiorkor and marasmic infants was studied by dividing them into three groups and giving the first group a single dose of trivalent live attenuated polio virus, the second group live attenuated measles virus and the third group diphtheriatoxoid.
(9) Circulating trivalent chromium can be taken up by tissues, and its distribution in the body depends on the species, age, and chemical form.
(10) Unfortunately, epidemiologic studies have not provided definitive answers to other questions: (i) does trivalent chromium present a cancer risk?
(11) The time course in the kidney suggests that this organ may be involved in the metabolism and elimination of trivalent chromium.
(12) The trivalent hybrid also was capable of priming T lymphocytes in vivo that responded to each of the native serotypes of M protein as well as to the synthetic hybrid peptide in vitro.
(13) At early pachytene, the 1;29 trivalent, although to a less extensive degree, was also unpaired in the pericentric region.
(14) Transitory neurological deterioration occurred in 38% of patients despite the early administration of trivalent (ABE) equine antitoxin.
(15) Riems FMD two-component oil emulsion vaccine was subcutaneously applied (5 ml) under field conditions to 855 store pigs of different age groups (trivalent--O1, A5, C).
(16) However, the higher seroconversion rates attained by using the inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccine do not necessarily mean that it is more efficacious in preventing infection or severe illness or both due to natural wild-type influenza A virus.
(17) CSF-AK analysis indicated cerebral damage as absent or trival in 45%, moderate in 33% and marked in 22%.
(18) However, evidence was obtained from quantitative precipitation experiments which indicated that BPO(6)-lysine(7) functions as a trivalent hapten immunologically, i.e., capable of binding three antibody molecules per mole hapten.
(19) In an attempt to improve the serological response of infants in warm climates to oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), the authors administered to 79 children between 6 and 41 weeks of age trivalent and monovalent OPV containing a virus dose 10 times as high as that found in the standard vaccine.
(20) Two of the chromosomes making up the trivalent were, most often, completely paired with each other and only partially paired or associated with the third one.