(n.) A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called quercitron.
Example Sentences:
(1) Further, quercetin and quercitrin elevated the intracellular level of cAMP, whereas hesperidin and rutin did not alter the cAMP level.
(2) The known quercetin glycosides, quercetin 3-gentiobioside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, together with the known kaempferol glycosides, astragalin and afzelin, were also characterized.
(3) Among the flavonoids tested, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, chrysin, quercitrin, and morin were potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase; their inhibition rates (%) were 80, 70, 69, 62, 59, and 51 at 100 microM (except chrysin at 50 microM), respectively.
(4) There was remarkable variation of contents of quercitrin among the plants on different host trees.
(5) Rutin and quercitrin are hydrolysed to quercetin, and robinin is hydrolysed to kaempferol, by faecal flora from healthy subjects.
(6) Cytosolic and microsomal metyrapone reducing enzymes are distinguished by their inhibitor sensitivity to phenobarbitone and quercitrin and thus can be characterized as aldehyde and ketone reductases according to the inhibitor subclassification of the aldo-keto reductase family.
(7) Four chemical constituents were isolated from the stems and leaves of Illicium dunnianum: beta-sitosterol (I), 1-triacontanal (II), quercitrin (III) and shikimic acid (IV), and identified on the basis of spectral analysis.
(8) Among them, 1 showed the highest inhibitory activity, being about 6 times more potent than quercitrin, which is a known natural inhibitor of AR.
(9) It is believed that the therapeutic action of quercitrin could be caused by restoration of local circulation deranged in animal sensitization.
(10) Cell-free preparations (fecal preparations) from these cultures were then incubated with rutin or quercitrin.
(11) Six compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Euphorbia hirta and identified as gallic acid, quercitrin, myricitriu, 3,4-di-O-galloylquinic acid, 2,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose and 1,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic methods.
(12) The flavonoids quercetin, quercitrin (quercetin-3-L-rhamnoside) and apigenin exhibit antiviral activity against these herpesviruses, and acyclovir is currently one of the most effective antiherpetic agents.
(13) The KI's for quercitrin and NAP-HEX-Q, both non-competitive inhibitors, are 0.6 uM and 0.5 uM, respectively.
(14) Quercetin, quercitrin, and myricitrin are significantly more potent than the previously known aldose reductase inhibitors.
(15) Quercetin, morin, kaempferol, fisetin, myricetin, quercitrin and rutin were mutagenic in the histidine reversion system with the frameshift strain TA98.
(16) Previously, these compounds and other polyphenols were assayed as in vitro antioxidants by their abilities to inhibit the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-initiated chemiluminescence of mouse liver homogenates, and the IC50 (microM) values were as follows: (+)-catechin, 3; eriodyctiol, 9; myricetin and 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-metoxychalcone, 15; 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 20; isochlorogenic acid, 30; caffeic acid, 5,6,3'-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and cynarin, 50; chlorogenic acid and apigenin, 150; quercetin, pedalitin, sylimarin and quercetin-3-methyl ester, 200; 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavonone and kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside, 500; quercitrin, 900; and galangin-3-methyl ether, genkwanin, hesperidin, ombuoside, phloridzin, quinic acid, rhoifolin, rutin and sophoricoside, greater than 1 mM.
(17) Human fecal cultures, induced with either of the flavonols, quercitrin or rutin, were grown in the presence of various concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid or cholic acid.
(18) The enzyme activity was inhibited by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide, dicumarol, quercitrin, and disulfirum.
(19) Minor positive or negative effects were obtained with quercitrin, protocatechuic acid, grass juice, anethole and agaricinic acid.
(20) The known flavonoids quercitrin, quercetin, myricitrin and myricetin were found to be responsible for the xanthine oxidase inhibitory action of the plant extract.
Sugar
Definition:
(n.) A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below.
(n.) By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
(n.) Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
(v. i.) In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off.
(v. t.) To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with.
(v. t.) To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(2) In addition to the changes associated with blood group A, we also found a decrease in sugar content, alterations in other antigens, and changes in the levels of several glycosyltransferases in cancerous tissues.
(3) Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet.
(4) As a group, the three mammalian proteins resemble bovine serum conglutinin and behave as lectins with rather broad sugar specificities directed at certain non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, glucose and fucose residues, but with subtle differences in fine specificities.
(5) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
(6) 500-MHz H-NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharides derived from gamma-seminoprotein, a human seminal plasma glycoprotein, revealed considerable microheterogeneity both with respect to the degree of branching and with regard to the peripheral sugars.
(7) The percentage of energy from fat and added sugars and the amount of sodium and fibre in the diet tended to increase with energy intake.
(8) D-Mannitol has not so far been known as a major product of sugar metabolism by yeasts.
(9) The concentration dependences of response of frog tongue to D-fructose, D-glucose, and sucrose were almost the same, D-galactose, however, elicited a much larger response in comparison with the other sugars in the whole range of concentrations examined.
(10) A brevibacterium, strain TH-4, previously isolated by aerobic enrichment on the monocyclic monoterpenoid cis-terpin hydrate as a sole carbon and energy source, was found to grow on alpha-terpineol and on a number of common sugars and organic acids.
(11) These results provide no support for the claims that aprotinin prevents the activation of sugar transport in muscle by contractile activity or that bradykinin is the muscle activity hypoglycemia factor.
(12) Increased erythrocyte levels of the pyrimidine-sugar UDP-glucose were also found in patients with the highest orotidine levels.
(13) Each of the three A toxins consists of a single basic polypeptide chain of 93 to 99 residues, cross-linked by three or four disulfide bonds, lacking reducing sugar and cysteinyl residues.
(14) Well-refined x-ray structures of the liganded forms of the wild-type and a mutant protein isolated from a strain defective in chemotaxis but fully competent in transport have provided a molecular view of the sugar-binding site and of a site for interacting with the Trg transmembrane signal transducer.
(15) Two newly discovered enzymes have the capacity to metabolize these sugars but are not essential for their catabolism in wild-type cells.
(16) Often, flavorings such as chocolate and strawberry and sugars are added to low-fat and skim milk to make up for the loss of taste when the fat is removed.
(17) All components studied, namely amino-sugars, hexoses and neuraminic acid increased with age in men.
(18) The presence of serum in the phagocytosis assay did not affect either phagocytosis of Phz-treated RBCs or inhibition by sugars.
(19) In addition, 5-imino-derivatives of daunorubicin modified at sugar moiety were less effective in stimulating NADH oxidation and oxygen radical production than 5-iminodaunorubicin itself.
(20) Photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen to 2'-deoxyadenosine also occurs, with covalent bond formation between carbon 3 or 4 of the pyrone ring and the sugar moiety of the nucleoside.