What's the difference between quinate and ruinate?
Quinate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of quinic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Enzyme studies and analysis of mutants clearly showed that the single 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase present in A. methanolica has a dual function, the first example of a 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase enzyme involved in both the catabolism of quinate and the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
(2) The organism was cultured in a chemically defined medium containing ferric quinate and succinate as sources of iron and carbon, respectively.
(3) bDHQase is one of five consecutive enzymatic activities associated with the pentafunctional arom protein encoded by the complex AROM locus, whereas cDHQase is encoded by the single-function QUTE gene, one of seven genes comprising the QUT gene cluster in A. nidulans, which is required for the catabolism of quinate to protocatechuate.
(4) A Serratia marcescens biotyping system using eight carbon sources (benzoate, DL-carnitine, m-erythritol, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, lactose, D-quinate, and trigonelline), a tetrathionate reduction test, production of prodigiosin, and horse blood hemolysis was derived from a recent numerical taxonomic study (Grimont et al., J. Gen. Microbiol.
(5) Thus, in this system, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate can be seen as the final intermediate in the chlorogenic acid pathway.
(6) A sequence of 3299 nt, contiguous with the previously sequenced quinate permease-encoding (qutD) gene and encompassing the dehydroshikimate dehydratase-encoding (qutC) gene, has been determined.
(7) These properties are consistent with the hypothesis that the QUTD gene encodes an essential component of a permease required for transport of quinate ion into mycelium at pH 6.5.
(8) In Neurospora crassa, the enzyme quinate (shikimate) dehydrogenase catalyzes the first reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway and is encoded in the qa-3 gene of the qa cluster.
(9) The mutant strains were: 105c, a temperature-sensitive constitutive mutant in the qa-1 regulatory locus; M-16, a qa-3 mutant deficient in quinate dehydrogenase activity; and 237, a leaky qa-2 mutant which possess very low levels of catabolic dehydroquinase activity.
(10) We demonstrated that constitutive overproduction of the arom protein by 12-fold in the presence of quinate inhibits germination of conidiospores, but showed that 12-fold quinate-inducible overproduction of arom protein does not have this effect.
(11) One class the qutD mutants, are all recessive and are non-inducible at pH 6.5 due to inferred deficiency in a quinate ion permease.
(12) Thermal stability of the enzyme was greatly enhanced by low concentrations of quinate, shikimate, NADH, or by high ionic strength.
(13) Studies on hydroaromatic metabolism in the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica revealed that the organism grows rapidly on quinate (but not on shikimate) as sole carbon- and energy source.
(14) The enzyme, with a single binding site for both substrates, has a Km of 0.37 mM for quinate and of 1.18 mM for shikimate, although the V is about 3-fold higher with shikimate.
(15) The formate from C-4 of the quinate was unlabeled, indicating that 3,4-bisdehydroquinate is not an intermediate.
(16) trans-4-O-(4-Coumaroyl)-D-quinate, trans-3-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate, trans-4-coumarate, and cis-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate do not act as substrates.
(17) This paper compares the biophysical and mechanistic properties of a typical type I dehydroquinase (DHQase), from the biosynthetic shikimate pathway of Escherichia coli, and a typical type II DHQase, from the quinate pathway of Aspergillus nidulans.
(18) A color test has been developed for the selection and identification of mutants in Neurospora crassa, constitutive for the three normally inducible enzymes which convert quinate to protocatechuate.
(19) The rapid inactivation of the cytosolic enzyme quinate dehydrogenase (QDH) in a fraction prepared from light-grown carrot cells was completely blocked by either okadaic acid or microcystin (two potent and specific inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A), whereas inhibitor 2 (a specific inhibitor of PP1) inhibited inactivation by only about 10%.
(20) Similar results were obtained for a second qa enzyme, quinate dehydrogenase (quinate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.24).
Ruinate
Definition:
(v. t.) To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.
(v. t.) To cause to fall; to cast down.
(v. i.) To fall; to tumble.
(a.) Involved in ruin; ruined.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus references to an American financier Stan O'Neal who helped drive his bank to ruination in 2007 were "deleted".
(2) And one assumes the entire European Union financial establishment would invoke its own visions of Irish ruination if necessary.
(3) She isn't sure – though, like Freud, she defines her anxiety as a threat that is objectless, and located in the future – such as ruination or humiliation (unlike fear, which is a response to a specific and immediate threat to one's safety).
(4) It is shooting up the political agenda and, in the potential ruination of Britain's crops and vegetables, threatening the food security of a country that already imports 30% of its produce.
(5) The possibility is now that 3D printing technology can restore whole swaths of 20th-century ruination.
(6) Their photographs capture what has become a topos of post-war urban ruination: the exposed innards of buildings.
(7) Then there was Sir Fred Goodwin's ruination of the Royal Bank of Scotland, which would no longer exist had not the English taxpayer been available to provide the money to bail it out.
(8) Jack's editorial line: an end to the "unfair ruination of personalities" and "the sleaze and sensation that pass for journalism", plus a new, more upbeat message.
(9) In a Guardian interview for a recent series on the Scottish referendum, Carmichael predicted that a vote to leave the EU would mark the “ruination” of the UK.
(10) And this is a different kind of bad, far away from the life-destroying, shame-inducing, ruination-of-a-virgin stuff.
(11) The Mainichi Shimbun, often a progressive voice on other issues, devoted part of its front page yesterday to a fuming editorial warning of the potential ruination of Japan's finest universities by the evil weed.
(12) This suggests, and confirms the authors' clinical impression, that a combination of pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy is the optimal treatment of choice for ritualistic patients who are almost always very ruinative, doubtful and highly anxious.
(13) He nevertheless presided over the ruination of the Royal Bank of Scotland.
(14) For those of us whose brackets had shot well past imperfection and into the realm of disastrous ruination, Dayton's upset was a joyful thing, a return to March Madness after a dreary afternoon of sensible predictability.
(15) And then: "My dear mother, 1,000 years ago, told me: 'Your tongue will be the ruination of you.'