(a.) Pertaining to, derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds; specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) In Neurospora crassa, the qa-1F regulatory gene positively controls transcription of all genes in the quinic acid (qa) gene cluster.
(2) The qa genes are induced by quinic acid and are coordinately controlled at the transcriptional level by the positive and negative regulators, qa-1F and qa-1S, respectively.
(3) The data indicate a chelation of the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid part of quinic acid to platinum(II).
(4) A number of constitutive (qa-1(C)) mutants have been obtained from certain qa-1 mutants as revertants selected for their ability to grow on quinic acid as a sole source of carbon.
(5) A large number of quinic acid non-utilizing qut mutants of Aspergillus nidulans deficient in the induction of all three quinic acid specific enzymes have been analysed.
(6) Mean percent recoveries of each acid were quinic 95.4 (std dev.
(7) Catabolic dehydroquinase which functions in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway in Neurospora crassa has been purified 8000-fold.
(8) After steaming of 4 green coffee's the content of quinic acid was always higher, but no quinide had been formed.
(9) In Neurospora crassa, the enzyme quinate (shikimate) dehydrogenase catalyzes the first reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway and is encoded in the qa-3 gene of the qa cluster.
(10) The shikimate pathway and the quinic acid utilisation (QUT) pathway of Aspergillus nidulans and other fungi share the two common metabolic intermediates, 3-dehydroquinic acid (DHQ) and dehydroshikimic acid (DHS), which are interconverted by two isoenzymes, catabolic 3-dehydroquinase, (cDHQase) and biosynthetic dehydroquinase, (bDHQase).
(11) In addition we showed that a qutE mutant (lacking cDHQase) can grow with quinic acid as sole carbon source whtn the arom protein is overproduced fivefold.
(12) Succinic, fumaric, and quinic acids are wide spread, tartaric acid was found in carrots, lettuce, endives, chicory, and celery.
(13) A concentration of quinic acid or shikimic acid as low as 50 micron protects the enzyme markedly from heat inactivation.
(14) Enzyme assays indicated that the specific activities of catabolic dehydroquinase induced by quinic acid in the transformants ranged from 4% to 32% of that induced in wild-type N. crassa.
(15) Quinic acid and its lactone (quinide) have been determined in coffee by capillary gas chromatography.
(16) Possible precursors of these o-diphenols (quinic acid, aromatic monohydroxy acids, or tyrosine) do not give rise to the brown pigmentation.
(17) The 5'-flanking regions of the five qa structural genes and the two qa regulatory genes each contain DNase I hypersensitive sites under noninducing conditions and generally exhibit increases in DNase I cleavage upon induction of transcription with quinic acid.
(18) Liquid chromatography was used for quantitation of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol), nonvolatile acids (malic, quinic, citric, shikimic, and fumaric), and phenolics (chlorogenic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF]).
(19) Seventeen ambulant outpatients with familial Type IIa or Type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia were treated with Cynarin, the 1,5-dicaffeyl ester of quinic acid, the constituent of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus).
(20) qa-1F is transcribed at a low, uninduced level but is subject to strong (50-fold), autogenous regulation as well as to control by the negative regulatory gene, qa-1S, and the inducer quinic acid.
Quinine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The influence of the hexylsalicylic acid (2) on the pharmacokinetic of the quinine (1), was studied using rabbits.
(2) Concomitant with the inhibition of K+ and Na+ transport, quinine stimulates ATP hydrolysis by 57%.
(3) those that had entered the G1 phase) expressed an increased amount of Fc gamma RII and (b) blocking the entry of activated cells into the S phase (with the ion channel blocker quinine) did not affect the Fc gamma RII induction by LPS.
(4) It was found that DI rats responded less than LE rats on the progressive-ratio schedule and that DI rats suppressed drinking as much as LE rats at each concentration of quinine used on the drinking-suppression test.
(5) Microsomal metabolites were also isolated from quinine and quinidine incubations with rabbit or guinea pig liver fractions.
(6) A nearly complete blockade of channel current was observed at 100 nM quinine and above.
(7) Treatment may be delayed because the therapy recommended for severe or complicated disease, intravenous quinine dihydrochloride, is available only from the Centers for Disease Control.
(8) Cell proliferation was equally sensitive to quinine regardless of mitogen.
(9) The responses to quinine and mefloquine or halofantrine showed no correlation with each other.
(10) The CGRP-IR levels in the rostral (gustatory) part of the insular cortex were increased significantly by strongly aversive taste stimuli such as quinine hydrochloride and conditioned taste stimuli (NaCl and sucrose) which animals had been taught to avoid.
(11) Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells.
(12) Despite the presence in the region of an important resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (80% specimens), one can conclude to a satisfying susceptibility of this parasite to quinine, provided posology and divided doses are respected.
(13) The clinical application of the method for routine drug monitoring and for estimating the pharmacokinetics of quinine and quinidine in man are discussed.
(14) The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents.
(15) all infections were sensitive to quinine plus tetracycline.
(16) Quinine applied on the intracellular side of the membrane in micromolar concentrations chopped the unitary K+ currents into bursts of brief openings.
(17) This was shown by a dye exclusion test and by mitogen stimulation after exposure and removal of quinine from the medium.
(18) These are insensitive to quinine, suggesting that they are not caused by an intracellular Ca accumulation.
(19) The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use.