(n.) An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The influence of the hexylsalicylic acid (2) on the pharmacokinetic of the quinine (1), was studied using rabbits.
(2) Concomitant with the inhibition of K+ and Na+ transport, quinine stimulates ATP hydrolysis by 57%.
(3) those that had entered the G1 phase) expressed an increased amount of Fc gamma RII and (b) blocking the entry of activated cells into the S phase (with the ion channel blocker quinine) did not affect the Fc gamma RII induction by LPS.
(4) It was found that DI rats responded less than LE rats on the progressive-ratio schedule and that DI rats suppressed drinking as much as LE rats at each concentration of quinine used on the drinking-suppression test.
(5) Microsomal metabolites were also isolated from quinine and quinidine incubations with rabbit or guinea pig liver fractions.
(6) A nearly complete blockade of channel current was observed at 100 nM quinine and above.
(7) Treatment may be delayed because the therapy recommended for severe or complicated disease, intravenous quinine dihydrochloride, is available only from the Centers for Disease Control.
(8) Cell proliferation was equally sensitive to quinine regardless of mitogen.
(9) The responses to quinine and mefloquine or halofantrine showed no correlation with each other.
(10) The CGRP-IR levels in the rostral (gustatory) part of the insular cortex were increased significantly by strongly aversive taste stimuli such as quinine hydrochloride and conditioned taste stimuli (NaCl and sucrose) which animals had been taught to avoid.
(11) Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells.
(12) Despite the presence in the region of an important resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (80% specimens), one can conclude to a satisfying susceptibility of this parasite to quinine, provided posology and divided doses are respected.
(13) The clinical application of the method for routine drug monitoring and for estimating the pharmacokinetics of quinine and quinidine in man are discussed.
(14) The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents.
(15) all infections were sensitive to quinine plus tetracycline.
(16) Quinine applied on the intracellular side of the membrane in micromolar concentrations chopped the unitary K+ currents into bursts of brief openings.
(17) This was shown by a dye exclusion test and by mitogen stimulation after exposure and removal of quinine from the medium.
(18) These are insensitive to quinine, suggesting that they are not caused by an intracellular Ca accumulation.
(19) The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use.
(n.) A nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) The metabolism of [1,3-14C]benzo[f]quinoline (BfQ) by liver microsomes from control, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated and phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated rats has been investigated in order to gain insights into the effect of mixed function oxidase inducers on the types and levels of specific metabolites as formed in vitro.
(2) The quinolinate synthetase B protein exists in all nadA and nadC mutants examined.
(3) Unilateral infusions of quinolinic acid (QUIN) into the rat striatum led to an increase in cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate-like immunoreactivity (CCK8S-LI) in the striatum and substantia nigra 4 days later.
(4) A histochemical method for staining CNS zinc by the stoichiometric formation of zinc: quinoline fluorescent chelates is described.
(5) In contrast to other excitotoxins, such as kainic acid, quinolinic acid (QA) may spare a specific population of striatal neurons that is also spared in Huntington's disease (HD).
(6) Previous studies have shown that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes, interleukin 1 (IL-1) production is altered by quinoline derivative antibiotics (quinolones), in a way which depends both on the dose and on the agents used.
(7) We conclude that quinolinic acid causes both reversible and long-lasting gliosis when injected into the rat striatum.
(8) The enzymic and non-enzymic formation of protein-arylating intermediates from amodiaquine (AQ,7-chloro-4-(3'-diethylamino-4'-hydroxyanilino) quinoline), an anti-malarial associated with agranulocytosis and liver damage in man, was studied in vitro.
(9) The ability of quinolinic acid to produce neurotoxicity was greater in the striatum than in other parts of the brain.
(10) The behavioral effects of 2-p-chlorophenylpyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3(5H)-one (CGS 9896) were compared with those of lorazepam and zopiclone in squirrel monkeys.
(11) Synthetic heterocyclic quinones (107 samples) consisting of o- and p-quinoline quinones, o-isoquinoline quinones and p-quinoxaline quinones as well as o- and p-naphthoquinones (3 samples) were tested for their inhibitory activities against avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT) and cytotoxic activities against mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells.
(12) Ibotenate lesioned rats, despite having larger lesions than the quinolinate, showed no deficits in eating or drinking in the home cage, or reaching or grasping disabilities in the staircase test.
(13) Between the other toxins (kainate, AMPA, ibotenate, quisqualate, NMDA and the high dose of quinolinate) there were no statistically significant differences.
(14) possess anticonvulsant action against kynurenine and not against quinolinic acid.
(15) The quinoline nitrogen atom of quipazine also contributes to affinity and its replacement by carbon reduces affinity by 20-fold.
(16) The localization and distribution of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, the degradative enzyme of the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid, were studied in the post mortem human neostriatum by immunohistochemistry.
(17) The quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine exert an irreversible inhibitory effect on erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum grown in culture.
(18) Bilateral intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid (QA) (180 nmoles) induced weight loss and neurologic and behavioral deficits including convulsions, decreased catalepsy response to haloperidol, increased nocturnal locomotor activity, and abnormal feeding behavior in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.
(19) Kainic acid and quinolinic acid were also effective in increasing the AAT activity.
(20) Diabetogenic and acidotropic effects of dithizone, 8-(p-toluenesulfonylamino)-quinoline and 8-(benzenesulfonylamino)-quinoline were studied in experiments on cats, rabbits, golden hamsters and mice.