What's the difference between raceme and spike?

Raceme


Definition:

  • (n.) A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These results indicate that both racemic and L-baclofen inhibit trigeminal transmission in man, probably because they interfere with excitatory transmission through the interneurons of the lateral reticular formation.
  • (2) In contrast to the enantiomeric discrimination observed with racemic amine, the individual isomers were metabolized at approximately the same rate.
  • (3) Routine enantiomeric analyses were successfully carried out on samples taken from animals dosed orally with the racemic drugs, providing important data on the possible levels of exposure to individual enantiomers during toxicity testing.
  • (4) Racemic verapamil and the L- and D-isomer increased cellular vincristine accumulation to the same extent.
  • (5) By this method, about 5.0 mg of racemic HCZ could be resolved completely in one run.
  • (6) The racemization-suppressing effect of other compounds were also evaluated by employing one of these model couplings to be at best only limitedly effective.
  • (7) The antihypertensive and pulse-slowing effects of racemic propranolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, practolol and d-propranolol were assessed in 54 hypertensive patients.
  • (8) The assay is reliable to 0.1% racemate with a detection limit of approximately 100 pmol.
  • (9) The allene oxide also opens to a zwitterion, which undergoes charge delocalization to form a planar intermediate; this structure is the achiral precursor of the stable end product of pericyclic ring closure, viz., racemic cis-12-oxo-PDA.
  • (10) Decreasing the water concentration in the reaction medium by adding methanol at 0 degrees C drastically reduces the rate of racemization without affecting the rate of transamination.
  • (11) Racemization of aspartic acid in dentin protein during the human lifetime progresses with age.
  • (12) Five diammine-Pt(II) or Pt(IV) coordination compounds, namely cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) "cis-DDP", transdihydroxy-cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (IV) "trans-ODDP", and derived substitution products of lactic acid (racemates or L-forms) with diminished toxicity in comparison to cis-DDP have been tested against mouse leukemia P388, and partly on melanoma B16 for antineoplastic activity.
  • (13) The racemic drug has unusual pharmacokinetic properties because of its concentration-dependent binding to plasma proteins in the therapeutic plasma concentration range.
  • (14) The vasodilating potency of d-alprenolol and d-propranolol was not significantly different from that of the respective racemic mixtures.
  • (15) High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed for the determination of drug content, racemate A and related compounds in nadolol raw materials.
  • (16) The effects of the d- and l-isomers of pentazocine were compared to that of racemic pentazocine on contractions of the mouse isolated vas deferens.
  • (17) Our results indicate that racemic EM 12 as well as its enantiomers are chemically and metabolically more stable than thalidomide; however, extensive racemisation occurs both in vivo and in vitro.
  • (18) These data, coupled with the equilibrium fractionation factor for the 2-position of proline (which has been determined to be 1.17), provide the transition-state factors for each of the in-flight protons, and delineate the nature of the transition state(s) for the enzyme-catalyzed racemization.
  • (19) Consequently, racemic compounds showed approximately half potency of the corresponding enantiomers.
  • (20) S(+)-ibuprofen and R(-)-ibuprofen given alone more rapidly reached significantly higher maximal plasma concentrations than after the same doses of the racemic compound.

Spike


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To set or furnish with spikes.
  • (v. t.) To fix on a spike.
  • (n.) A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with points upward or outward.
  • (n.) Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
  • (n.) An ear of corn or grain.
  • (n.) A kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.
  • (v. t.) To fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike down planks.
  • (v. t.) To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike nail, or the like into it.
  • (n.) Spike lavender. See Lavender.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It was tested for recovery and separation from other selenium moieties present in urine using both in vivo-labeled rat urine and human urine spiked with unlabeled TMSe.
  • (2) The pons, on the other hand, has a bioelectrical activity of its own during PS, i.e., the ponto-geniculo-occipital spikes (PGO).
  • (3) The spikes likely correspond to VP3, a hemagglutinin, while the rest of the mass density in the outer shell represents 780 molecules of VP7, a neutralization antigen.
  • (4) In this series there were 45 patients (40%) with independent focal interictal EEG epileptic abnormalities over frontobasal cortex (with or without independent spiking over interomedial temporal region).
  • (5) It was shown that gradual recovery of spike wave patterns occurred from initial water swallowing to successive dry swalllowing.
  • (6) One might expect that a similar news spike and rebounding of support for stricter gun control can happen, given President Obama's new push.
  • (7) By this action, oxytocin is believed to increase the probability of successful regenerative spikes and thereby initiate electrical activity in quiescent preparations, increase the frequency of burst discharges, the number of spikes in each burst, and the amplitude of spikes in individual cells.
  • (8) The differentiated neuroblastoma cell possesses characteristics of an electrically excitable cell and can generate propagated potential spikes in which Ca2+ is the inward charge carrier.
  • (9) Jane's life clearly still has a massive Spike-shaped hole in it.
  • (10) Our hypothesis is that phase unlocking may be one of the induction mechanisms of spike-burst activity.
  • (11) The threshold of epileptic spiking varied inversely with the area of cortical damage inflicted by the electrode.
  • (12) In some ways, the Gandolfini performance that his fans may savour most is his voice work in Spike Jonze's Where the Wild Things Are (2009), the cult screen version of Maurice Sendak 's picture book classic – he voiced Carol, one of the wild things, an untamed, foul-mouthed figure.
  • (13) The best understood fusion mechanism is that of influenza virus, for which sequences involved in pH-dependent fusion can be correlated with the crystallographic structure of the spike protein.
  • (14) Single shocks applied to medullary pressor sites evoked a train of spikes in the interneurons.
  • (15) Many subjects have a negative spike in the beginning of a saccade in electro-oculographic signals.
  • (16) This enhancement of laminin synthesis corresponds to the mesangial expansion and to the development of laminin-containing spike formations of the glomerular basement membrane at week 8.
  • (17) A train of conditioning stimuli to either of the midbrain nuclei produced inhibition of evoked population spikes recorded in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus.
  • (18) The brief (3 ms) afterhyperpolarizations that followed such spikes were blocked by intracellular injections of Cs+ or by bath applications of tetraethylammonium.
  • (19) They discharged one or two spikes only at the beginning of depolarizing current pulses.
  • (20) An increase followed by a decrease in the number of spikes per burst and a reduction in the peak activity were observed.