What's the difference between racemic and synthetic?
Racemic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results indicate that both racemic and L-baclofen inhibit trigeminal transmission in man, probably because they interfere with excitatory transmission through the interneurons of the lateral reticular formation.
(2) In contrast to the enantiomeric discrimination observed with racemic amine, the individual isomers were metabolized at approximately the same rate.
(3) Routine enantiomeric analyses were successfully carried out on samples taken from animals dosed orally with the racemic drugs, providing important data on the possible levels of exposure to individual enantiomers during toxicity testing.
(4) Racemic verapamil and the L- and D-isomer increased cellular vincristine accumulation to the same extent.
(5) By this method, about 5.0 mg of racemic HCZ could be resolved completely in one run.
(6) The racemization-suppressing effect of other compounds were also evaluated by employing one of these model couplings to be at best only limitedly effective.
(7) The antihypertensive and pulse-slowing effects of racemic propranolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, practolol and d-propranolol were assessed in 54 hypertensive patients.
(8) The assay is reliable to 0.1% racemate with a detection limit of approximately 100 pmol.
(9) The allene oxide also opens to a zwitterion, which undergoes charge delocalization to form a planar intermediate; this structure is the achiral precursor of the stable end product of pericyclic ring closure, viz., racemic cis-12-oxo-PDA.
(10) Decreasing the water concentration in the reaction medium by adding methanol at 0 degrees C drastically reduces the rate of racemization without affecting the rate of transamination.
(11) Racemization of aspartic acid in dentin protein during the human lifetime progresses with age.
(12) Five diammine-Pt(II) or Pt(IV) coordination compounds, namely cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) "cis-DDP", transdihydroxy-cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (IV) "trans-ODDP", and derived substitution products of lactic acid (racemates or L-forms) with diminished toxicity in comparison to cis-DDP have been tested against mouse leukemia P388, and partly on melanoma B16 for antineoplastic activity.
(13) The racemic drug has unusual pharmacokinetic properties because of its concentration-dependent binding to plasma proteins in the therapeutic plasma concentration range.
(14) The vasodilating potency of d-alprenolol and d-propranolol was not significantly different from that of the respective racemic mixtures.
(15) High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed for the determination of drug content, racemate A and related compounds in nadolol raw materials.
(16) The effects of the d- and l-isomers of pentazocine were compared to that of racemic pentazocine on contractions of the mouse isolated vas deferens.
(17) Our results indicate that racemic EM 12 as well as its enantiomers are chemically and metabolically more stable than thalidomide; however, extensive racemisation occurs both in vivo and in vitro.
(18) These data, coupled with the equilibrium fractionation factor for the 2-position of proline (which has been determined to be 1.17), provide the transition-state factors for each of the in-flight protons, and delineate the nature of the transition state(s) for the enzyme-catalyzed racemization.
(19) Consequently, racemic compounds showed approximately half potency of the corresponding enantiomers.
(20) S(+)-ibuprofen and R(-)-ibuprofen given alone more rapidly reached significantly higher maximal plasma concentrations than after the same doses of the racemic compound.
Synthetic
Definition:
(a.) Alt. of Synthetical
Example Sentences:
(1) Further analysis with two other synthetic peptides (212Cys to 222Glu and Cys X 221Ile to 236Glu) indicated that the dodecapeptide Ile-Glu-Phe-Gln-Lys-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Leu-Glu mimicked either the whole or a major part of the neutralization epitope.
(2) Actinomycin D could suppress the effects of RSD feeding on the protein synthetic rate of some, but not of all, secretory proteins.
(3) We studied the haemodynamic (ultrasound Doppler flow probes) effects of synthetic atriopeptin II at natriuretic doses in conscious rats.
(4) With the stimulated liver being irradiated, the number of cells synthetizing DNA and entering into mitosis was seen reduced almost twice, whereas DNA synthesis and entering into mitosis were delayed, resp., by 4 and 6 hours.
(5) A rapid method is described for the purification and analysis of synthetic oligonucleotides, based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
(6) Binding studies with synthetic IL2-derived peptides revealed the location of the epitope, which is recognized by mAb BO-7: A peptide representing amino acid residues 59-72 (peptide 84) is strongly reactive with the antibody, while an overlapping peptide (residues 48-69) is not.
(7) Because the HRG level is increased in Child A liver cirrhosis, we suggest that other mechanisms, other than simply a decreased synthetic capacity of the liver, contribute to the changes in HRG levels in patients with liver disease.
(8) Blood acid-base status, serum electrolytes, and urine pH were examined in 64 infants and children with phenylketonuria (PKU) treated with three different low phenylalanine protein hydrolyzates (Aponti, Cymogran, AlbumaidXP) and two synthetic amino acid mixtures (Aminogran, PAM).
(9) Synthetic DNA corresponding to the hydrophobic domain of cytochrome b5 was enzymatically fused in-frame to cloned DNA corresponding to the C-terminus of the Escherichia coli enzyme, beta-galactosidase.
(10) An antibody was generated against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of the protein encoded by alpha o2 cDNA.
(11) Sephadex chromatography of fractions which co-eluted with synthetic oCRF-41 or hAVP contained CRF bioactivity and this bioactivity was potentiated when synthetic hAVP or oCRF-41, respectively, were added to the fractions.
(12) Binding of uPA to filters was blocked by a synthetic oligopeptide containing the known receptor binding region of native uPA.
(13) Dynamics in the changes was established among the workers from the production of "Synthetic rubber and latex", associated with the duration of occupational exposure to styrene and divinyl.
(14) We then used synthetic peptides spanning the active fragment to identify the primary sequence of the adhesive site as Leu-Arg-Glu (LRE): neurons attach to an immobilized LRE-containing peptide, and soluble LRE blocks attachment of neurons to the s-laminin fragment.
(15) The internal carotid diameters increased 20% to 30% for both the vein and synthetic patched arteries.
(16) Studies using serum from mice that had been immunized with synthetic peptides from the HIV envelope region suggested that this response is directed, at least in part, at several determinants of the transmembrane portion of the HIV envelope glycoprotein.
(17) The authors propose three regular procedures with which they are experienced: repair with a large retromuscular nonabsorbable synthetic tulle prosthesis for extensive epigastric eventrations, fillup aponeuroplasty using the sheath of the rectus abdominis associated with a premuscular patch in case of diastasis or of multiple superimposed orifices and suture associated with a small retromuscular auxiliary patch to treat small incisional hernias.
(18) The synthetic S-nitroso-thiol, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine, markedly inhibited platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 6 nM.
(19) Arteriosclerotic plaques were found in the aorta and arteries of rabbits given homocysteine thiolactone, methionine or homocysteic acid, both parenterally and in a synthetic diet.
(20) For each theory, a constraint on preformance is proposed based on interference between the "analytic" and "synthetic" pitch perception modes.