(n.) The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called also lingual ribbon, and tongue. See Odontophore.
Example Sentences:
(1) Amongst heart, rectum and radula protractor muscles of Pila globosa, the heart showed a negative inotropic and negative chronotropic response while the rectum and radula protractor showed a positive tonotropic response to exogenously applied acetycholine (ACh).
(2) In the Aplysia accessory radula contractor muscle, prolonged exposure to serotonin or to the peptide transmitter small cardioactive peptide B, both of which produce large increases in intracellular cAMP, does not decrease regulatory subunits.
(3) We also obtained evidence that suggests that enough SCP is released under physiological conditions to modulate neuromuscular activity in the accessory radula closer.
(4) Most of the currently known FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) of molluscs were tested in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in the two standard bioassays for FMRFamide: the radula protractor muscle of the whelk Busycon contrarium, and the isolated heart of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria.
(5) The cycle of radula movements consisted of three phases: quiescence (Q), protraction (P) and retraction (R).
(6) The SO makes reciprocal excitatory synapses with the N1 interneurons that drive the protraction of the radula.
(7) Acetone extract of the ganglia of Fusinus ferrugineus was applied to C-18 cartridges, and the flowthrough and retained materials were bioassayed on the radula retractor muscle of the animal.
(8) Movements of the radula and the hooks (which the Clione inserts into the body of its prey) as well as the electroneurogram of the radular nerve were recorded.
(9) The present results show that FMRFamide- and CARP-like peptides are involved in the regulation of the contraction of radula muscles and the heart beat.
(10) The siliceous radulae were examined histologically.
(11) The accessory radula closer (ARC) buccal muscles have been used to study this phenomenon, and it has been shown that changes in ARC muscle contraction are partially due to activity of a serotonergic neuron that modulates this muscle, by both a direct action and an action on two ARC motor neurons (B15 and B16).
(12) Corresponding to each radula movement was a burst of activity in the radular nerve, consisting of the protractor and the retractor components.
(13) In the radula muscles, FMRFamide-related peptides were suggested to act on presynaptic sites to enhance their contraction elicited by nerve stimulation, possibly by increasing the release of a main transmitter.
(14) Several peaks of FMRFamide-like bioactivity (Busycon radula protractor muscle assay) were detected with a linear gradient of 5 to 30% acetonitrile.
(15) The radula of snails is formed at the posterior end of the radular gland or pocket, and degraded at the same rate at its anterior end.
(16) In previous studies, we demonstrated that B15, one of the two cholinergic motor neurons of the accessory radula closer muscle of Aplysia, synthesizes two peptides, small cardioactive peptides A and B (SCPA and SCPB), that, when exogenously applied, increase the size and relaxation rate of muscle contractions elicited by motor neuron stimulation.
(17) The accessory radula closer (ARC) buccal muscle motor neuron B16 is buccalin-immunoreactive and it synthesizes a peptide with chromatographic properties identical to those of buccalin.
(18) Low concentrations (10(-9)-10(-8) M) of this substance not only excite the isolated clam heart, but also produce tonic contractions of the isolated radula protractor muscle of the whelk, Busycon contrarium.
(19) Nerve fibres containing vesicles with electron dense neurosecretory material (deduced from the diameter of 200--250 nm) are attached to this sheath or penetrate into it; they may be involved in the regulation of production and degradation processes during radula replacement.
(20) The MCCs potentiate contractions of a muscle utilized in biting, the accessory radula closer (ARCM), when contractions are elicited by stimulation of either of the two cholinergic motor neurons B15 or B16 that innervate the muscle.
Tongue
Definition:
(n.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.
(n.) The power of articulate utterance; speech.
(n.) Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.
(n.) Honorable discourse; eulogy.
(n.) A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue.
(n.) Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions.
(n.) A people having a distinct language.
(n.) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk.
(n.) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly.
(n.) The lingua of an insect.
(n.) Any small sole.
(n.) That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form.
(n.) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.
(n.) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove.
(n.) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake.
(n.) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked.
(n.) The clapper of a bell.
(n.) A short piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces.
(n.) Same as Reed, n., 5.
(v. t.) To speak; to utter.
(v. t.) To chide; to scold.
(v. t.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.
(v. t.) To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.
(v. i.) To talk; to prate.
(v. i.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stabilized mandible allowed suspension of the tongue.
(2) Patients with cancer of floor of the mouth and oral tongue had higher odds ratios for alcohol drinking than subjects with cancers of other sites.
(3) Pekka Isosomppi Press counsellor, Finnish embassy, London • It may have been said tongue in cheek, but I must correct Michael Booth on one thing – his claim that no one talks about cricket in Denmark .
(4) The concentration dependences of response of frog tongue to D-fructose, D-glucose, and sucrose were almost the same, D-galactose, however, elicited a much larger response in comparison with the other sugars in the whole range of concentrations examined.
(5) A case of osteosarcoma of the tongue is reported, with microscopic findings.
(6) In the QHCl-sucrose condition components separated by the tongue's midline and those spatially mixed produced equal amounts of bitterness suppression.
(7) S. sanguis also adhered to human tongues better than the serum-requiring diphtheroid.
(8) On the basis of these studies, four of the neonates required a tongue-lip adhesion to stabilize the airway.
(9) With the aid of analysis of afferent impulse activity in the cat chorda tympani, it was shown that the effect of application of organic acids solutions of the same pH to the tongue could be represented as follows: propionic acid greater than lactic acid greater than pyruvic acid.
(10) Experimentally induced tongue contact with a variety of solid surfaces during lapping (an activity involving accumulation of a liquid bolus in the valleculae) induced neither increased jaw opening nor the additional EMG pattern.
(11) Application of 1 mM BT (pH 6.3) to the human tongue statistically potentiated the taste of 0.2 M NaCl and 0.2 M LiCl by 33.5% and 12.5% respectively.
(12) The first manifestation was often extranodular (9 patients tonsil, 8 parotid gland, 8 base of tongue, 7 nasopharynx).
(13) The 2014 MTV Video Music Awards didn’t achieve the same degree of controversy as last year’s celebration of tongues, twerking and teddy bears , but between a speech by a homeless teen, an ill-timed wardrobe malfunction, and Beyoncé’s spectacular, epic, show-stopping finale, there were nevertheless a few moments worth watching.
(14) We report the case of an 8-month-old female with an unusual duplication cyst in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
(15) It represents the seventh case to occur in the base of tongue and the second to be associated with pregnancy.
(16) CR-ir was also observed in nerve fibers surrounding neuronal cell bodies in autonomic ganglia, and in nerve endings in the lip, tongue, incisal papilla, soft palate, pharynx and epiglottis.
(17) We have examined the keratin proteins in normal human oral mucosa from 6 different regions including hard palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva and floor of the mouth.
(18) Queen's speech: the day ‘psychoactive drugs’ tripped off the royal tongue Read more The first Queen’s speech of the second term should be golden.
(19) Additional documented organ involvement included liver (two of 10), rectal (three of 10), renal (two of 10), gingiva (two of 10), and tongue (one of 10), although invasive biopsies were not performed in a majority of patients.
(20) Sheet preparations of the stratum granulosum from the epithelium of the ventral surface of mouse tongue permit examination of cell replacement of this maturation compartment of the tissue.