(n.) The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.
Example Sentences:
(1) Three mechanisms are held responsible for the resistance increase: (1) a rarefaction of the smallest arterioles and capillaries, (2) an increased wall to lumen ratio and (3) a decreased internal diameter.
(2) When enalapril was given up to 14 weeks of age, the long-term suppression of amplifier properties was probably mainly through prevention of smooth muscle hypertrophy in resistance vessels and possibly through other mechanisms (e.g., "rarefaction").
(3) The cochlear summating potential (SP) preceding the auditory nerve compound action potential (AP) was elicited by broadband alternating condensation and rarefaction clicks and recorded by noninvasive electrodes from the external auditory meatus (EAM) of 60 volunteers of both sexes, 12 to 67 years old, who had normal hearing for age.
(4) BAEPs utilized rarefaction stimulation at 70 dB SL, with 150-3,000 Hz filter band pass and 10 ms. analysis time.
(5) On the basis of this property and a previously observed favourable effect of the enzyme on microcirculation, the capacity for more rapid rarefaction and elimination of caseous masses and prevention of excessive fibrosis, it was recommended for use in treatment of cerebrospinal disorders in tuberculous spondylitis.
(6) Rarefaction clicks produced shorter wave I latency and longer I-III interpeak latency, but the differences were significant in the female only.
(7) Typical features of rarefaction, osteoporosis, cysts, and cortical erosions were present.
(8) Multiple infarcts and white matter rarefaction are commonly seen as a component of Alzheimer disease, in keeping with the development of congophilic angiopathy and possibly other vascular changes in the latter disease.
(9) Thus the intensity functions of the round window N1 potential have a two-segment course and there is a difference in the response to rarefaction and condensation clicks, depending upon the content of low-frequency components in the click stimulus.
(10) Besides an obvious increase in blood rachemia in the arteries and veins, its rarefaction is observed in the capillaries.
(11) The lesion specific to the white matter showed rarefaction and gliosis without locally associated ischemic changes.
(12) Prevention of the experimental bone rarefaction which occurs in rats put on a low calcium diet was attempted by using salmon calcitonin and 25 hydroxyvitamin D given with a similar regimen to that used in human disease.
(13) Tone pip stimuli produced polarity differences that were inversely related to stimulus frequency: the higher the frequency, the smaller the ABR latency differences between responses to rarefaction and condensation stimuli, and the smaller the difference potentials.
(14) Foci of myeloid metaplasia may occasionally result in clinical disability, with bone pain and rarefaction.
(15) The following classification of the cerebellar granular layer damage was used: I degrees - focal rarefaction, II degrees - diffuse distinct rarefaction, III degrees - focal atrophy, IV degrees - diffuse atrophy.
(16) The latter ranged from spongiform transformation of the neuropil and scattered foci of demyelination to large perivenous areas with marked rarefaction of myelinated fibers.
(17) Along with this there occurs a rarefaction of the frequency of miniature potential of the end plate, and reduction of its amplitude.
(18) Recordings were obtained from normal hearing adults to separate trains of 5 rarefaction and 5 condensation clicks with interclick intervals of 10 msec and intertrain intervals of 500 msec at three intensities.
(19) The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle at the ultrastructural level to search for evidence of microvessel degeneration that would correlate with the concept of anatomic rarefaction in chronic hypertension.
(20) Electron microscopical examination was carried out in the renal tissue of 7 such cases, and showed dense mesangial deposits and a marked subendothelial rarefaction within the basement membrane.
Reduction
Definition:
(n.) The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.
(n.) The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. t.
(v. t.) The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.
(v. t.) The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.
(v. t.) The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions.
(v. t.) The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.
(v. t.) The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.
(v. t.) The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place.
Example Sentences:
(1) Direct fetal digitalization led to a reduction in umbilical artery resistance, a decline in the abdominal circumference from 20.3 to 17.8 cm, and resolution of the ascites within 72 h. Despite this dramatic response to therapy, fetal death occurred on day 5 of treatment.
(2) Use of the improved operative technique contributed to reduction in number of complications.
(3) Following central retinal artery ligation, infarction of the retinal ganglion cells was reflected by a 97 per cent reduction in the radioactively labeled protein within the optic nerve.
(4) It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
(5) By 1978, the reduction in incidence of measles will exceed 90%.
(6) Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone density.
(7) At pH 7.0, reduction is complete after 6 to 10 h. These results together with an earlier study concerning the positions of the two most readily reduced bonds (Cornell J.S., and Pierce, J.G.
(8) A survey carried out two and three years after the launch of the official campaign also showed a reduction in the prevalence of rickets in children taking low dose supplements equivalent to about 2.5 micrograms (100 IU) vitamin D daily.
(9) The role of O2 free radicals in the reduction of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase, which occurs during reperfusion of ischemic heart, was examined in isolated guinea pig heart using exogenous scavengers of O2 radicals and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
(10) Maximal covalent binding of [4,5-14C]ronidazole to DNA also required four-electron reduction, consistent with previous studies of the covalent binding of this agent to immobilized sulfhydryl groups [Kedderis et al.
(11) Optimum rates of acetylene reduction in short-term assays occurred at 20% O2 (0.2 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa] in the gas phase.
(12) Meanwhile, reductions in tax allowances on dividends for company shareholders from £5,000 down to £2,000 represent another dent to the incomes of many business owners.
(13) Polyribosomes isolated from the livers of rats sacrificed 6 h after treatment with actinomycin D showed a 42% reduction in their capacity to bind anti-RSA Fab'.
(14) In view of reports of the reduction of telomeric repeats in human malignant tumors, we measured the lengths of telomeric repeats in 55 primary neuroblastomas.
(15) Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma.
(16) By increasing luminal air pressure from 10 to 20 cm H2O a significant reduction in GBF was observed.
(17) The reduction rates of peripheral leukocytes, lung Schiff bases and lung water content were not identical in rats depleted from leukocyte after inhalation injury.
(18) The results show that in TMO-treated animals the time to the onset of convulsions, the time to the onset of NADH oxidation-reduction cycles, and the survival time were significantly longer than in the control group.
(19) Since the first is balked by the obstacle of deficit reduction, emphasis has turned to the second.
(20) The analysis of total seizure days showed a significant reduction during LTG treatment (p less than 0.002).