(1) The effects of hormonal promotion of T24-ras oncogene-transfected rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) were compared to cotransformation of these cells with adenovirus E1A and ras.
(2) Large gender differences were found in the correlations between the RAS, CR, run frequency, and run duration with the personality, mood, and locus of control scores.
(3) Here we co-inject RB protein with c-myc, EJ-ras, c-fos or c-jun protein.
(4) These results suggest that a certain minimum level of expression of c-myc is required for the maintenance of ras transformation in NIH 3T3 cells.
(5) This is the first clear example of activation of the K-ras gene by ethylating agents in a rodent lung tumor system.
(6) A total of 28 cell lines were selected for Geneticin - resistance and inoculated into the footpads of syngeneic animals following co-transfection with pSV2neo and genomic DNA, or transfection with plasmid constructs containing neo and the activated Ha-ras oncogene.
(7) In the second study, CFA, TiterMax, Adjuvax and RAS were compared in rabbits, mice and goats.
(8) One week after initiation is 1-2 months before the appearance of benign papillomas that harbor activated Ha-ras oncogenes when the initiated mice are promoted with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
(9) The other three oncogenes namely c-K-ras, c-H-ras and c-myc, were not detected in these two carcinomas or the non-cancerous liver tissue adjacent to the carcinomas.
(10) Thus, a4 and a2 alleles of the c-Ha-ras-1 may perhaps be viewed as genetic markers of predisposition to lung, ovarian and thyroid cancer, respectively, in combination with other clinical parameters.
(11) Additionally, the amount of mRNAs for preproenkephalin as well as for the cellular proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos and c-H-ras, which are thought to be mediators of intracellular signal transduction, was determined in hippocampus in these same animals.
(12) The degree of staining for ras 11 was significantly related to the grade of differentiation and increased from Dukes stage A to C. Strong staining for ras 11 predicted a significantly shorter recurrence-free interval (p less than 0.001).
(13) The effects of oxidant stress were studied in immortalised hamster (BHK-21) and rat (208F) cell lines before and after transformation to the malignant state with polyoma virus, or activated H-ras, respectively.
(14) Upon stimulation with NGF, the percentage of Ras.GTP increased to 24% after 2 min, and the high level of Ras.GTP was maintained for at least 16 h. On the other hand, the activation of Ras by FGF and IL-6 showed distinct kinetics; about 3-fold increase of Ras.GTP was detected at 10 min, and afterward, the level returned to the basal level within 60 min.
(15) Transfection with normal and activated C-H-ras oncogenes only led to increases in the IC50s of alkylating agents.
(16) These cell lines also overexpress the Ha-ras proto-oncogene.
(17) In one patient with gastric carcinoma a c-Ha-ras-1 overexpression was detected due to its amplification both in tumour tissues and in regional metastasis.
(18) Our study gives further evidence that erb B, myc, Ha-ras and fos proto-oncogenes are involved in the control of cell growth and in the process of rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
(19) The Wap-ras gene was stably introduced into the mouse germ line of five transgenic mice (one male and four females).
(20) These results suggest that ras, fos, mos, src, and erbB-2 use a common cellular pathway for transforming cells.
Rat
Definition:
(n.) One of several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. decumanus), the black rat (M. rattus), and the roof rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into America from the Old World.
(n.) A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair.
(n.) One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.
(v. i.) In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union.
(v. i.) To catch or kill rats.
Example Sentences:
(1) All rats were examined in the conscious, unrestrained state 12 wk after induction of diabetes or acidified saline (pH 4.5) injection.
(2) It was tested for recovery and separation from other selenium moieties present in urine using both in vivo-labeled rat urine and human urine spiked with unlabeled TMSe.
(3) It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats.
(4) The microsomal preparations from untreated Syrian golden hamster livers exhibited higher activities of N-demethylation towards the macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and troleandomycin, than those from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats.
(5) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(6) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(7) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(8) Competition with the labelled 10B12 MAb for binding to the purified antigen was demonstrated in sera of tumor-bearing and immune rats.
(9) Nutritionally rehabilitated animals had similar numbers of nucleoli to control rats.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.
(12) Spontaneous locomotor activity was lower in naloxone-infused rats on day 3 only.
(13) The LD50 of the following metal-binding chelating drugs, EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), cyclohexanediaminotetraacetic acid (CDTA) and triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA) was evaluated in terms of mortality in rats after intraperitoneal administration and was found to be in the order: CDTA greater than EDTA greater than DTPA greater than TTHA greater than HEDTA.
(14) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
(15) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(16) However, the groups often paused less and responded faster than individual rats working under identical conditions.
(17) After 55 days of unrestricted food availability the body weight of the neonatally deprived rats was approximately 15% lower than that of the controls.
(18) To examine the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion, an animal model was developed that allowed cerebroventricular and intravenous injections as well as collection of duodenal perfusates in awake, freely moving rats.
(19) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(20) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.