(n.) One of several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. decumanus), the black rat (M. rattus), and the roof rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into America from the Old World.
(n.) A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair.
(n.) One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.
(v. i.) In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union.
(v. i.) To catch or kill rats.
Example Sentences:
(1) All rats were examined in the conscious, unrestrained state 12 wk after induction of diabetes or acidified saline (pH 4.5) injection.
(2) It was tested for recovery and separation from other selenium moieties present in urine using both in vivo-labeled rat urine and human urine spiked with unlabeled TMSe.
(3) It is supposed that delta-sleep peptide along with other oligopeptides is one of the factors determining individual animal resistance to emotional stress, which is supported by significant delta-sleep peptide increase in hypothalamus in stable rats.
(4) The microsomal preparations from untreated Syrian golden hamster livers exhibited higher activities of N-demethylation towards the macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and troleandomycin, than those from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats.
(5) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(6) Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney.
(7) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(8) Competition with the labelled 10B12 MAb for binding to the purified antigen was demonstrated in sera of tumor-bearing and immune rats.
(9) Nutritionally rehabilitated animals had similar numbers of nucleoli to control rats.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) Addition of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom led to a significant increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in various rat organs.
(12) Spontaneous locomotor activity was lower in naloxone-infused rats on day 3 only.
(13) The LD50 of the following metal-binding chelating drugs, EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), cyclohexanediaminotetraacetic acid (CDTA) and triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA) was evaluated in terms of mortality in rats after intraperitoneal administration and was found to be in the order: CDTA greater than EDTA greater than DTPA greater than TTHA greater than HEDTA.
(14) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
(15) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(16) However, the groups often paused less and responded faster than individual rats working under identical conditions.
(17) After 55 days of unrestricted food availability the body weight of the neonatally deprived rats was approximately 15% lower than that of the controls.
(18) To examine the central nervous system regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion, an animal model was developed that allowed cerebroventricular and intravenous injections as well as collection of duodenal perfusates in awake, freely moving rats.
(19) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(20) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
Tat
Definition:
(n.) Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute.
(n.) A pony.
Example Sentences:
(1) Therefore, neither of these two regions of the Tat protein appear to be discrete activation domains.
(2) We now present evidence that such a decrease in amounts of P68 could be essential for HIV-1 replication because of the presence of the Tat-responsive sequence (TAR sequence) present in the 5' untranslated region of HIV-1 mRNAs, which activates the P68 kinase.
(3) In this study we demonstrate that the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 regulatory protein Tat is associated with a significant induction in the expression of certain protein components of the extracellular matrix in glial-derived cells.
(4) In a sample of families of nonschizophrenic outpatient adolescents, a manual for scoring such deviance on stories told for seven TAT cards was developed.
(5) The tat open reading frame (ORF) has a strong signal for translation initiation, while rev and vpu ORFs have weaker signals.
(6) Purified tat binds specifically to HIV-1 trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in gel-retardation, filter-binding, and immunoprecipitation assays.
(7) This phenomenon was observed by using wheat-germ RNA polymerase II and a series of double-stranded template polymers containing palindromic repeating motifs of 6-16 bp, with regulatory alternating purine and pyrimidine bases such as d[ATA(CG)nC].d[TAT(GC)nG], with n = 1, 3 or 6 referred to as d(GC), d(GC)3 or d(GC)6, respectively.
(8) RD-tat cell lines also showed enhanced virus production upon transfection of HIV-1 proviral DNA.
(9) A comparative study between MAR test and IBT in 142 seminal samples is presented by the authors and their concordance with TAT and SIT is also evaluated.
(10) Viral mRNA production is controlled by the tat gene, which appears to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II, and the rev gene, which allows the accumulation of unspliced or partially spliced mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
(11) Experiments using radioactive protein show that tat becomes localized to the nucleus after uptake and suggest that chloroquine protects tat from proteolytic degradation.
(12) To reduce the high TAT under the deficient state of ATIII, MD805, a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, was introduced to avoid further consumption of ATIII.
(13) Of 199 dogs from a brucellosis-contaminated area, 116 with negative titers in the tube agglutination test (TAT), using heat-inactivated whole B. canis cells as the antigen, were also negative in the ELISA.
(14) A psychological interview and the MHQ, Koch, Rorschach, TAT, Machover and family design psychological tests were conducted in pneumopathic patients.
(15) As TNF can increase the production of IL-1 and IL-6 and these inflammatory cytokines all enhance HIV-1 gene expression and affect the immune, vascular, and central nervous systems, the activation of TNF by Tat may be part of a complex pathway in which HIV-1 uses viral products and host factors to increase its own expression and infectivity and to induce disease.
(16) This study used transient transfection analysis to determine the DNA regions which mediate basal and insulin-sensitive transcription from the gene encoding tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT; EC 2.6.1.5).
(17) The results show that availability of dietary pyridoxine stimulates the growth of this hepatoma and, in addition, exercises a type of control over the expression of TAT activity.
(18) Induction of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT) with glucocorticoid hormones leads to formation of a nuclease hypersensitive site at the hormone-dependent enhancer located 2.5 kb upstream of the start site of transcription.
(19) Again, tat protected TAR RNA from RNase A cleavage at both U23 and U31.
(20) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is a powerful transactivator of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR).