(a.) Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love; reciprocal duties.
(a.) Mutually interchangeable.
(a.) Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.
(a.) Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases below.
(n.) That which is reciprocal to another thing.
(n.) The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus, / is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a +b) is the reciprocal of a + b. The reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.
Example Sentences:
(1) In this review, we demonstrate that serum creatinine does not provide an adequate estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and contrary to recent teachings, that the slope of the reciprocal of serum creatinine vs time does not permit an accurate assessment of the rate of progression of renal disease.
(2) In crosses between inverted repeats, a single intrachromatid reciprocal exchange leads to inversion of the sequence between the crossover sites and recovery of both genes involved in the event.
(3) A reciprocal translocation, identified as t(6p+; 14q-), is described in a 38,XX intersex pig.
(4) From the results presented it appears that morphine produces a reciprocal change in the activity evoked in extensor and flexor reflex pathways.
(5) Don't we by chance come across this reciprocal spiral perspective when two people distrust one another without actually showing it?
(6) Reciprocal translocations involving the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes can segregate to produce partial duplications without associated deletions.
(7) In a second phase of the study, a comparison was made between mortality rates of male and female progeny of White Leghorn-Rhode Island Red reciprocal crosses.
(8) Finally, a reciprocal facilitating effect of RRs and augmenting responses (ARs), which was studied by combined stimulation of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) and NCM, appeared to be dependent upon an intracortical mechanism.
(9) Three triacetinases (A, B and C) were shown to undergo reciprocal conversions under storage and during some purification procedures (effect of pH, ionic strength, ion-exchange chromatography, concentration, lyophilization, etc.).
(10) For this purpose the molecular models of Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) and of Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) are tested by showing how the different plots, direct, reciprocal, Scatchard and Hill, vary as do the parameters considered in these models.
(11) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(12) The factor is encoded by two genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, called TIF51A and TIF51B, which are regulated reciprocally by oxygen and by heme.
(13) A free T4 index (FTI) can be calculated from the values for T4 and TBG index, because the TBG index is reciprocally related to the serum uptake test (T3-resin).
(14) The staining of HRP-immunopositive cell bodies indicates that the pallial regions studied receive afferent projections from the main olfactory bulb and are reciprocally interconnected by intrapallial associative fiber systems.
(15) In the following, there will be indicated the approved techniques and methods of suturing the cleft palate and a new method will be discussed related to the reciprocal Z-type plastic operation.
(16) The agonist-antagonist pair was observed to generate a net force in two control modalities: proportional activation and reciprocal activation.
(17) Failure to mate was a major factor in interspecific crosses and was much more pronounced in crosses between P. polionotus females and P. maniculatus males than in the reciprocal cross.
(18) The reciprocal (equivalent) and nonreciprocal (excessive giving or receiving) exchange of services was measured by the frequency of exchange and perception of potential support between the dyad.
(19) Since indoleaminergic cells make reciprocal synaptic connections with rod bipolar cell terminals, which are depolarizing in the rabbit retina, we hypothesize that 5-HT2 receptors facilitate the synaptic transmission from the depolarizing rod bipolar cell thus facilitating ON-excitation in the retinal network while 5-HT1A receptors mediate an inhibitory process.
(20) By the fourth injection, arachidonic acid had fallen 48% below control and was accompanied by reciprocal increases of more saturated fatty acids including linoleic (18:2), oleic (18:1) and palmitic (16:0) acids.
Simultaneous
Definition:
(a.) Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as, simultaneous events.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirty-two patients (10 male, 22 female; age 37-82 years) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or haemofiltration were studied by means of Holter device capable of simultaneously analysing rhythm and ST-changes in three leads.
(2) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(3) Completeness of isolation of the coronary and systemic circulations was shown by the marked difference in appearance times between the reflex hypotensive responses from catecholamine injections into the isolated coronary circulation and the direct hypertensive response from a similar injection when the circulations were connected as well as by the marked difference between the pressure pulses recorded simultaneously on both sides of the aortic balloon separating the two circulations.4.
(4) In the present study, respirometric quotients, the ratio of oral air volume expended to total volume expended, were obtained using separate but simultaneous productions of oral and nasal airflow.
(5) These patients had undergone selective and bilateral simultaneous IPS sampling for diagnostic purposes or for neurosurgical indications.
(6) Inhibition of thymidine uptake is attributed to an observed decrease in thymidine kinase activity caused by growth in 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and possibly to a simultaneous alteration in membrane permeability.
(7) The simultaneous administration of the yellow fever vaccine did not influence the titre of agglutinins induced by the classic cholera vaccine.
(8) This observation, reinforced by simultaneous determinations of cortisol levels in the internal spermatic and antecubital veins, practically excluded the validity of the theory of adrenal hormonal suppression of testicular tissues.
(9) Hypercalcitoninemia was the most pronounced in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders and a simultaneous reduction in total serum calcium.
(10) The addition of a cerebral blood volume (CBV) compartment in the [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) model produces estimates of local CBV simultaneously with glucose metabolic rates when kinetic FDG studies are performed.
(11) Deviations in two planes simultaneously cause less error than deviation in one plane.
(12) Using a monoclonal antibody against dopamine and a rabbit antiserum against serotonin, 5-methoxytryptamine or tryptamine, we were able to achieve the simultaneous localization of two amines in glutaraldehyde-fixed sections of rat dorsal raphe nuclei.
(13) Acute effects of insulin on protein metabolism (whole body and forearm muscle) were simultaneously assessed using doubly labelled (13C15N) leucine in post-absorptive Type I diabetic patients.
(14) Unfortunately more than three quantitative data cannot be judged simultaneously without help of mathematical methods.
(15) The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the problems which arise from simultaneously developing regulatory and competitive approaches to health care cost containment can be solved, if recognized, and that those problems deserve more systematic investigation than they have so far received.
(16) Simultaneously, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), PaCO2, PaO2, and hematocrit were recorded.
(17) Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in washed human spermatozoa was induced by aerobic incubation at 32 C and measured by malonaldehyde production; loss of motility during the incubation was determined simultaneously.
(18) The cardiorespiratory effects of trichloroethylene supplementation of nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia, with simultaneous use of halothane at induction as needed, were studied in outpatient oral surgery patients undergoing dental extractions under general anesthesia.
(19) Three cases of simultaneous atrial and a-v junctional tachycardia, related to the administration of digitalis and occurring in a short period of 16 months, are reported.
(20) The distinguishing feature of this study is the simultaneous measurement of sympathetic firing and norepinephrine spillover in the same organ, the kidney, under conditions of intact sympathetic impulse traffic.