(n.) To bring or lead back to any former place or condition.
(n.) To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat.
(n.) To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort.
(n.) To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.
(n.) To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to reduce language to rules.
(n.) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours.
(n.) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.
(n.) To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; -- opposed to oxidize.
(n.) To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia.
Example Sentences:
(1) There was appreciable variation in toothbrush wear among subjects, some reducing their brush to a poor state in 2 weeks whereas with others the brush was rated as "good" after 10 weeks.
(2) Disease stabilisation was associated with prolonged periods of comparatively high plasma levels of drug, which appeared to be determined primarily by reduced drug clearance.
(3) These included bringing in the A* grade, reducing the number of modules from six to four, and a greater attempt to assess the whole course at the end.
(4) It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
(5) Open field behaviors and isolation-induced aggression were reduced by anxiolytics, at doses which may be within the sedative-hypnotic range.
(6) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
(7) In addition, DDT blocked succinate dehydrogenase and the cytochrome b-c span of the electron transport chain, which also secondarily reduced ATP synthesis.
(8) Although Jeggo's Chinese hamster ovary cells were more responsive to mAMSA, novo still abrogated mAMSA toxicity in the mutant cells as well as in the parental Chinese hamster ovary cells 2,4-Dinitrophenol acted similarly to novo with respect to mAMSA killing, but neither compound reduced the ATP content of V79 cells.
(9) At pH 7.0, reduction is complete after 6 to 10 h. These results together with an earlier study concerning the positions of the two most readily reduced bonds (Cornell J.S., and Pierce, J.G.
(10) Methanosphaera stadtmanae reduces methanol to CH4 in a similar way as Methanosarcina barkeri.
(11) There is no evidence that health-maintenance organizations reduce admissions in discretionary or "unnecessary" categories; instead, the data suggest lower admission rates across the board.
(12) In schizophrenic patients the density of dopamine uptake sites in the basal ganglia was slightly reduced, mainly in the middle third of putamen.
(13) During recovery glucose uptake was reduced and citrate release was unaffected.
(14) The difference in BP between a hospital casual reading and the mean 24 hour ambulatory reading was reduced only by atenolol.
(15) Based on several previous studies, which demonstrated that sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells (RBCs) was a function of ambient glucose concentrations, either in vitro or in vivo, our investigations were conducted to determine if RBC sorbitol accumulation would correlate with sorbitol accumulation in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats; the effect of sorbinil in reducing sorbitol levels in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats would be reflected by changes in RBC sorbitol; and sorbinil would reduce RBC sorbitol in diabetic man.
(16) This was unlike the action of the calcium channel blocker, cadmium, which reduced the calcium action potential and the a.h.p.
(17) aeruginosa and Enterococci) were significantly reduced in number during the manipulation (Fig.
(18) Arginine vasopressin further reduced papillary flow in kidneys perfused with high viscosity artificial plasma.
(19) Epidermal growth factor reduced plating efficiency by about 50% for A431 cells in different cell cycle phases whereas a slight increase in plating efficiency was seen for SiHa cells.
(20) Nicardipine lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure to normal, plasma aldosterone was reduced and serum potassium levels were increased.
Repress
Definition:
(v. t.) To press again.
(v. t.) To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent.
(v. t.) Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back.
(n.) The act of repressing.
Example Sentences:
(1) When micF was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid it repressed ompF gene expression, whereas when cloned into a low-copy-number plasmid it did not.
(2) Cellulase regulation appears to depend upon a complex relationship involving catabolite repression, inhibition, and induction.
(3) The sexual dimorphism in hepatic drug metabolism found in Crl:CD-1 mice is due to the normally repressive effects of testicular androgens on the activities of hepatic monooxygenases.
(4) Faisal Abu Shahla, a senior official in Fatah, an organisation responsible for a good deal of repression of its own when it was in power, accuses Hamas of holding 700 political prisoners in Gaza as part of a broad campaign to suppress dissent.
(5) Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a repressor-operator dissociation constant of about 0.2 nM in 0.12 M salt at 37 degrees , a value consistent with the extent of trp operon regulation in vivo.
(6) At follow-up, the initial presence of signs of repression was significantly more common in such initially nonregressive patients as had escaped a later psychotic breakdown.
(7) The direct physical interaction of p300 with enhancer elements provides a biochemical basis for the genetic evidence linking the E1A-mediated enhancer repression function with the p300-binding activity of E1A.
(8) In contrast, BTEB repressed the activity of a promoter containing BTE, a single GC box of the CYP1A1 gene that is stimulated by Sp1.
(9) The Chinese model of development, which combines political repression and economic liberalism, has attracted numerous admirers in the developing world.
(10) Evidence is presented in support of a model for catabolite repression of the operon which involves a negative-acting transcriptional regulator which binds to the promoter region of the operon and prevents transcription.
(11) The paper postulates that 'anal or sphincter defensiveness' is one of the precursors of the repression barrier.
(12) Thus, the T cell-dependent suppression of IgE synthesis in B53 cells correlates with a specific inactivation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer, strongly suggesting that T cell-mediated suppression of Ig synthesis can normally occur through specific repression of Ig enhancer function.
(13) For example, it appears that homeotic genes expressed in posterior regions of the embryo (such as abd-A and Abd-B) repress the expression of those homeotic genes expressed in more anterior regions (such as Antp and Ubx).
(14) Although B12 supplementation results in a 10-fold repression of metE-lacZ expression, homocysteine addition to the growth medium overrides the B12-mediated repression.
(15) The cells show a repressed phenotype for IE expression but can be induced by inhibition of protein synthesis.
(16) Russia has no national museum of Stalin's repression but Moscow has two Gulag museums.
(17) Both genes are expressed in the fetal liver, gut, and visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and are repressed shortly after birth in the liver and gut.
(18) With glucose as a substrate, 2-deoxyglucose showed a strong permanent repression of M protein synthesis, whereas both glucose and 2-deoxyglucose caused temporary repression when sucrose was the substrate.
(19) It postulated that this competition is effectuated through the repression of the B cell function by the T1 lymphocyte killer effectors of the DH committed to the same antigen against which the "blasts" or the plasmoblasts (subsequently transformed into MC) were produced.
(20) Thus, constitutive expression of specific cytochrome P450 genes is repressed or activated in senescent rats.