(n.) The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; superabundance; excess.
(n.) That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or superabundant.
(n.) Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the validity of what remains.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hexokinase, phoshofructokinase, and aldolase appear to be rate-limiting in normal cervix epithelium; however, since the increase in activity of the first two in cancers was least of all the glycolytic enzymes, redundant enzyme synthesis probably occurs in the malignant cell for the enzymes catalysing reversible reactions.
(2) Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques.
(3) A factor analysis of the ratings given by standards monitoring teams to these 410 homes failed to demonstrate redundancy across standards or grouping of standards by objectives.
(4) Light and electron microscopy showed that polyneuronal innervation was retained in mutant endplates, and the normal process of withdrawal of redundant innervation did not occur.
(5) Carmon Creek is wholly owned by Shell, which said it expected the decision to cost $2bn in its third-quarter results due to impairment, contract provision, redundancy and restructuring charges.
(6) These results suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR possesses functional redundancy which ensures virus replication in different T-cell types and is capable of changing depending on the particular combination of transcriptional factors present.
(7) Lloyds said it would achieve many of the job cuts through making less use of contractors and voluntary severance but admitted that some compulsory redundancies may be inevitable.
(8) The redundant tissue exhibited an increase in connective tissue components and an inflammatory infiltrate primarily of plasma cells.
(9) So far there have been 50 voluntary redundancies from editorial and a further 82 commercial jobs have been cut.
(10) In the presence of a normal resting ECG, with no hemodynamically-meaningful mitral regurgitation and no evidence of redundant mitral leaflets the risk is even less.
(11) Consequently, Young's classification now seems redundant.
(12) Staff at ITN On have already entered a redundancy consultation with their employer and the National Union of Journalists.
(13) The basement membrane is multilaminated with a highly redundant basal lamina.
(14) As well, two-dimensional 15N-1H heteronuclear spectroscopy was used to resolve a number of ambiguities present in the homonuclear spectra due to resonance redundancies.
(15) But the Afghan redundancy programme offered the chance to relocate to Britain only to interpreters who were still serving British forces in Helmand province in December 2012 and were employed for more than 12 months.
(16) The redundancies are due to be completed by the end of January.
(17) We propose that the deletion of the rRNA operon occurred in the ilv-leu gene cluster of the B. subtilis genome as a result of unequal recombination between redundant sequences.
(18) However, older adults, relative to young adults, exhibited greater reductions in accuracy as the processing requirements increased, and they made significantly more redundant or repetitive requests for information.
(19) The present study, however, qualitatively evaluates the unsharpness of redundant shadows of the mandibular ramus, especially with reference to the effects of first-slit width.
(20) Patients with redundant leaflets may be at high risk of sudden death.
Validity
Definition:
(n.) The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially, power to convince; justness; soundness; as, the validity of an argument or proof; the validity of an objection.
(n.) Legal strength, force, or authority; that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in law, or equity; as, the validity of a will; the validity of a contract, claim, or title.
(n.) Value.
Example Sentences:
(1) Unfortunately, due to confidentiality clauses that have been imposed on us by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection, we are unable to provide our full names and … titles … However, we believe the evidence that will be submitted will validate the statements that we are making in this submission.” The submission detailed specific allegations – including names and dates – of sexual abuse of child detainees, violence and bullying of children, suicide attempts by children and medical neglect.
(2) Recently, the validity of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards for selection of spirometric test results has been questioned based on the finding of inverse dependence of FEV1 on effort.
(3) Single-case experimental designs are presented and discussed from several points of view: Historical antecedents, assessment of the dependent variable, internal and external validity and pre-experimental vs experimental single-case designs.
(4) An application is made to the validity of cancer risk items included in a cancer registry.
(5) Although measurements are easily obtained with a tape measure, the validity of these measurements is not known.
(6) This observation, reinforced by simultaneous determinations of cortisol levels in the internal spermatic and antecubital veins, practically excluded the validity of the theory of adrenal hormonal suppression of testicular tissues.
(7) However, each of the studies had numerous methodological flaws which biased their results against finding a relationship: either their outcome measures had questionable validity, their research designs were inappropriate, or the statistical analyses were poorly conceived.
(8) We found no statistically significant difference in one-year, biochemically validated, sustained cessation rates between the group offered the long-term follow-up visits (12.5%) and the group given the brief intervention (10.2%).
(9) Although, it did give me the confidence to believe that my voice was valid and important.
(10) Both demonstrated concurrent validity and feasibility.
(11) Specifically, we apply techniques of data preprocessing, orthogonality constraints, and validation of solutions in a complete TC analysis, for the first time using actual MEP data.
(12) However, no evidence could be discerned to support its validity as a measure of a patient's treatment outcome.
(13) Validation studies, to show that the method is precise, accurate and rectilinear, have been carried out on four linctus formulations and two pastille formulations.
(14) In this paper the domain of validity of the unlabelled and labelled minimal models of glucose disappearance is studied.
(15) However, valid electroacoustic evaluation of the DMHAs cannot be accomplished using the conventional hearing aid test box.
(16) Validity of the fructosamine assay allows its potential use as a mass screening test for diabetes in these populations (USA, Africa, Caribbean...).
(17) Furthermore, CV1% and DV6% have proved to be valid parameters in finding differences in the light reflex in non-age-matched study groups.
(18) A role for cAMP in the process of LHRH release was suggested several years ago, but only recently has the validity of this notion come under close scrutiny.
(19) However the study does not permit to reach any valid conclusions; further elaborate investigations alone could prove the useful role of genetic influence in the propagation of lepromin sensitivity to the subsequent sibs.
(20) From the subcutaneous transplanted tumors a large number of MLuC1-positive tumor cells could easily be recovered, thus indicating the validity of the in vivo methodology.