(a.) Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.
Example Sentences:
(1) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
(2) After restrained least-squares refinement of the enzyme-substrate complex with the riboflavin omitted from the model, additional electron density appeared near the pyrophosphate, which indicated the presence of an ADPR molecule in the FAD binding site of PHBH.
(3) Well-refined x-ray structures of the liganded forms of the wild-type and a mutant protein isolated from a strain defective in chemotaxis but fully competent in transport have provided a molecular view of the sugar-binding site and of a site for interacting with the Trg transmembrane signal transducer.
(4) To meet these prerequisites we have introduced some technical refinements: (1) computer-controlled rectilinear translations of the target in combination with different angular positions of the source and (2) computer-controlled rotations of the target around a vertical axis in combination with different angular positions of the source.
(5) Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was conceptualized more than 35 years ago, but its clinical application only flourished in the past 10 years after a number of technical refinements.
(6) In 1984 the press-fit condylar knee was first introduced and was intended to provide a condylar knee system primarily for posterior cruciate retention that addressed refinements in metallurgy, prosthetic geometry and sizing, cementless fixation, inventory management, and instrumentation.
(7) Obviously, the sheer number of lasers being used both clinically and experimentally indicates a great potential for further advancement and refinement in technique and surgical outcomes.
(8) Phases from x-ray structure factors (R = 0.43) computed from this model were then used in the calculation of another electron density map against which the model was further refined.
(9) Staging classifications are being refined to reflect increasing knowledge of important prognostic indicators, e.g., absence or presence of lymph node involvement, pattern of lymph node involvement, and absence or presence of visceral disease.
(10) The ordered aspect of the genetic code table makes this result a plausible starting point for studies of the origin and evolution of the genetic code: these could include, besides a more refined optimization principle at the logical level, some effects more directly related to the physico-chemical context, and the construction of realistic models incorporating both aspects.
(11) The structure of Mn(III) superoxide dismutase (Mn(III)SOD) from Thermus thermophilus, a tetramer of chains 203 residues in length, has been refined by restrained least-squares methods.
(12) Based on the refined atomic coordinates of the tRNAphe in the orthorhombic crystal, on the recent advances in the distance dependence of the ring-current magnetic field effects and on the adopted values for the isolated hydrogen-bonded NH resonances, a computed spectrum consisting of 23 protons was constructed.
(13) It can be used as a simple screening procedure to help determine which of many possible anthelmintic control strategies should be selected for more detailed examination in the field, and it provides a theoretical framework within which ideas concerning the epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis can be assessed and refined.
(14) The advances in lid and orbital surgery are due to the improvements made in diagnostic equipment and to technical refinements.
(15) The group’s refining business performed better than expected, more than doubling profit to $2.2bn from $1bn.
(16) They also suggest that both the migration of cortical neurons on glia and the refinement of the mapping between the peripheral whisker field and its cortical representation may depend upon the distribution of substrate adhesion molecules.
(17) Thus the present study gives support for a protective effect associated with a fiber-rich or vegetable-rich diet, while it indicates that frequent consumption of refined starchy foods, eggs and fat-rich foods such as cheese and red meat is a risk factor for colo-rectal cancer.
(18) Synthesis and discussion is focused on five major areas in which gerontological continuity and change are evidenced: 1) transformation of basic themes over time; 2) gerontology's identity crisis; 3) the social ideology of gerontology; 4) evolution and refinement of gerontological ideas and methods; and 5) temporal frameworks.
(19) The course content and format were refined after 11 pharmacists completed a pilot program.
(20) This has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanism of axonal guidance, the physiology of neurotrophic factors and the establishment and refinement of neural connections.
Reined
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Rein
Example Sentences:
(1) Sabogal was one of a group of four Colombians who took over the reins of the country's biggest drug-trafficking outfit after the arrest and deportation to the United States of drug baron Luis Hernando Gómez Bustamante in 2004.
(2) Shearer has long been expected to take the reins at St James' Park at some point but it is something of a surprise that he has chosen to do so amid such turbulence and uncertainty over the club's future.
(3) The prime minister is coming under increasing pressure from the heads of some of Britain's largest multinational corporations who have urged Cameron to stop "moralising" and rein in his rhetoric on tax avoidance ahead of a G8 summit next month.
(4) There is also a feeling among some analysts that the hardline Islamists will be naturally reined in.
(5) While the administrators, Deloitte, are officially in charge of the process, Hilco holds the reins, having bought most of HMV's debts last month.
(6) The time to hand over the reins came and went, Keating challenged and lost, before heading to the backbench to lick his wounds and shore up the factional numbers needed for a successful spill.
(7) These choices now open the way for Mr Juncker to pick the rest of his commission team, all of whom will face confirmation hearings at the newly empowered European parliament before the new commission takes over the reins in two months’ time.
(8) The levy, which could raise as much as €35bn (£29.3bn) a year for the 11 countries, is designed to prevent a repeat of the conditions that stoked the credit crunch by reining in investment banks.
(9) It also flags up that Portugal is missing its targets despite rebalancing its economy faster than planned: The authorities have continued to rein in expenditure, but have experienced revenue shortfalls resulting from the fast rebalancing of the economy from domestic demand towards exports, which are characterised by a lower tax‐intensity.
(10) A ny attempt to rein in the vast US surveillance apparatus exposed by Edward Snowden's whistleblowing will be for naught unless government and corporations alike are subject to greater oversight.
(11) Kim Jong-un's need for cash has grown more urgent following tough UN sanctions in response to recent missile and nuclear tests, which also prompted China, the North's main benefactor, to rein in its assistance.
(12) It adds: "Either eventuality seems a wholly unjustifiable use of public funds at a time when public spending will be reined in."
(13) Chris Leslie, Labour's shadow financial secretary to the Treasury, said: "Nobody doubts that Stephen Hester has done some important things at RBS, but what this award shows is David Cameron's promises about reining in excessive bonuses at state-owned banks or using shareholder power have proved to be utterly worthless.
(14) The Democratic frontrunner said she had laid out an “aggressive plan to rein in Wall Street” and pointed to Super Pacs established by hedge fund managers to fight her candidacy.
(15) Entwistle will formally take over the reins at the BBC on 17 September, after Thompson has seen the corporation through the London Olympics.
(16) Abdullah reined in his base but the shift in the tenor of the fans was unmistakeable, especially after some of them tore down a portrait of Karzai.
(17) Labour has said it will put further pressure on RBS executives to rein in excessive bonuses after helping to force the bank's chief executive, Stephen Hester, to abandon his plan to take a £1m share bonus .
(18) Using these templates we have shown that a human histone gene, H3.3, contains sequences (intrinsic terminators) within which purified RNA polymerase II will efficiently terminate transcription (Reines, D., Wells, D., Chamberlin, M.J., and Kane, C. M. (1987) J. Mol.
(19) In a joint statement, several of the advocates warned: "As the Chinese government bears down heavy-handedly to rein in petitioning citizens, free intellectuals, rights defenders, and religious figures, it has … intensified its full-scale repression of rights defence lawyers to an unprecedented degree.
(20) Klopp has made a swift recovery from surgery and will be on the touchline at Upton Park, although has vowed to rein in his demonstrative touchline behaviour against Slaven Bilic’s side.