(n.) The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
(n.) The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved.
(n.) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(n.) The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the group of high myopia (over 20 D), the mean correction was 13.4 D. In the group with refraction between 0 and 6 D, 88% of the eyes treated had attained a correction between -1 and +1 D 3 months postoperatively.
(2) The molar refractivity has been shown to be a superior parameter for the description of the activity of sulphonamides than the sum of electronegativities of atoms making up a heterocyclic substituent in the sulphonamide molecule and molecular weight of the substituent.
(3) A new approach is presented to the refractive procedure by adding observation, both surreptitious and direct, as an adjunct, an aid and a supplement to differential diagnosis in a refractive examination and in visual analysis.
(4) Dioptric aniseikonia was calculated between 1 month and 24 months after surgery (with Gruber's and Huber's computer program) on the basis of most recently obtained values (bulb axis length, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, necessary refraction), and compared with subjective measurements taken with the phase difference haploscope.
(5) These versions offer different advantages and are selected according to the particular field of application and the refraction of the surgeon.
(6) The refraction of his mild hyperopic eyes (+0,5 dpt) changed to -5,5 dpt and the intraocular pressure increased to 40 mm Hg in the right and 42 mm Hg in the left eye.
(7) These observations suggest that refractive anomalies such as anisometropia that limit high frequency spatial resolution and binocular integration can present a major obstacle to the postnatal development of binocular vision.
(8) A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of recipient-donor trephine disparity on refractive error and corneal curvature post-suture removal in keratoconus.
(9) Scientists and clinicians concerned with underwater vision have not considered the relationship between chromatic aberration, water color, and the refractive state of the eye.
(10) As the refractive status changes a curve is traced out on the graph.
(11) The change in refractive astigmatism was as high as 1.50DC (diopter cylinder).
(12) There is a problem in this approach if the angle between the direction of tracked beam and the direction of tracking translation is not zero due to refraction or other effects.
(13) We find good agreement between the model calculations and the experimental results indicating that edge birefringence can be attributed to the change in polarization of light that is refracted and reflected by dielectric interfaces.
(14) The corneal sensibility was examined with the aesthesiometer of Draeger in 41 patients after refractive corneal surgery, 31 patients after radial keratotomy, 5 after epikeratophakia, 5 after excimer laser ablation.
(15) Extraordinarily wide angles were observed in all cases and myopia was a common refractive error.
(16) There was no connection between the cholesterol level, refraction or visual acuity.
(17) The refractive changes in 84 children (155 eyes) following horizontal strabismus surgery and in 97 children (181 eyes) without surgical intervention were studied.
(18) Refractive error and the ocular refractive components have heritabilities intermediate between zero and one, as complied from several studies, indicating familial resemblance, but also non-genetic variation.
(19) Approximately 75% of repeat autorefractor measurements were within 0.50 D of the initial readings, and about 75% of measurements were within 1.00 D of the manual refractions.
(20) The refractive index profile in the equatorial plane of bovine lenses from over a wide age range is presented.
Scatter
Definition:
(v. t.) To strew about; to sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to deposit or place here and there, esp. in an open or sparse order.
(v. t.) To cause to separate in different directions; to reduce from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to dissipate; to disperse.
(v. t.) Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow; as, to scatter hopes, plans, or the like.
(v. i.) To be dispersed or dissipated; to disperse or separate; as, clouds scatter after a storm.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using an in vitro culture system, light scatter analyses, and two-color flow cytometry, we provide evidence that the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transferrin receptors can be induced within 48 hr on nonproliferating immature thymocytes.
(2) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(3) Proliferating cells were abundant and scattered throughout the stratified epithelium before the appearance of villi.
(4) Furthermore, experiments with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed increased forward light scatter from resting exudate PMN compared to blood PMN.
(5) Quantitative measurements of image contrast were carried out for B-mode images of anechoic spheres (cysts) embedded in a random scattering medium.
(6) The angular distribution of the scattered light was obtained as a function of time and compared with the rates at which hydrolysis products were formed.
(7) It is found that, whereas the spatial resolution achievable with such a system is only dependent upon its temporal resolution, the scattering characteristics of the tissue being imaged will strongly affect the ultimate imaging performance of such a system.
(8) In these cells no autonomous periodic activities were observed by light scattering.
(9) The scatter measurement was made using a standard imaging geometry with both beam stops and an additional x-ray detector placed behind the standard imaging detector.
(10) Type C-like particles were found inter- and intracellularly in gland and vessel lumina and scattered in the connective tissue.
(11) Modifications in quaternary structure induced by variation of these physicochemical parameters were followed by means of X-ray and quasi-elastic light-scattering and quantified in terms of weight average molecular weight (M), radius of gyration (Rg) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh).
(12) Cape no longer has the monopoly on talent; the stars are scattered these days, and Franklin's "fantastically discriminating" deputy Robin Robertson can take credit for many recent triumphs, including their most recent Booker winner, Anne Enright.
(13) Dome-shaped, fungiform papillae were scattered among these filiform papillae.
(14) Visible light activates a large guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cGMP)- and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-dependent infrared light-scattering change in suspensions of photoreceptor disk membranes.
(15) The angular distribution of the scattered acoustic field from an inosonifying source will directly relate to the distribution of surface fibrillatory changes.
(16) The electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) mode of operation of an energy-filtering electron microscope offers the possibility of being able to avoid the background from inelastic scattering in selected-area electron diffraction patterns.
(17) Single particles or small clusters were scattered across the cell membrane.
(18) Fibrinogen was scattered in the intercellular spaces, and located in the inner layer or edges of the thickened intima of the bifurcation with increasing plaque formation.
(19) From the different shapes of the scattering curves of the native phosphofructokinase at pH 7.5 in the presence of 15 mM ATP and of the cross-linked tetramer or octamer, it can be inferred that the shapes of the protomers are different: in the presence of ATP the protomers are elongated, having an axial ratio of 1.8 to 2.0; the cross-linked state reveals a spherical protomer of radius 33.0 A, similar to that of the native enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
(20) Cells taking up label are found scattered throughout the large cartilaginous epiphyses.