(n.) The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operational meaning of all the resulting theorems is that when any of them appear to be refuted experimentally, the presence of more than one parallel transport pathway (that is, of membrane heterogeneity transverse to the direction of transport) can be inferred and analyzed.
(2) The results presented refute arguments that these enzymes proceed by a concerted mechansim and support the intermediacy of aminoacyladenylates.
(3) Theories of urea formation during allantoin degradation in Glycine max have been recently refuted.
(4) A mitochondriogenic mechanism of calcification could not be confirmed nor refuted by this study.
(5) The probability that the initial situation is correct--the proband and the cohabitant's six children are all legitimate-is "practically refuted": W = 0.03%.
(6) The IFS says similar declines emerge if you set the figure as low as 40% of median income – utterly refuting Nick Clegg's toxic line dismissing the threshold as just "poverty plus a pound" .
(7) Molly Prince, managing director of the company, refuted the Guardian story with some lustily expressed but random facts: "CPUK have not only purchased tents for everyone (some stewards wanted to use their own but it was too wet to put them up, they insisted in having a go!).
(8) The need for neighboring states to use their data to confirm or refute findings is stressed.
(9) Hume, whose grantmaking credentials include leading a £500m cancer and palliative care grant programme for the Big Lottery Fund, refutes the notion that hospices will lose out.
(10) Additional studies are highly desirable to confirm or refute these findings, which, if valid, mean increasing lung cancer hazards caused by a decrease in ventilation in future energy saving unless special measures are undertaken to reduce radon daughters in dwellings.
(11) This did not happen and, on the evidence presented in this paper, the Fry theory of the pathogenesis of the deviated nasal septum is refuted.
(12) Marshall refuted claims CSIRO was moving away from public good scientific research , labelling it disturbing and untrue.
(13) This explanation was refuted, as all thymic subpopulations were found to express CD1, albeit with differences in antigen density, whereas all extrathymic subpopulations lack CD1.
(14) Location of En at the MN locus would not, however, refute the theory that Wra and Wrb cannot function in the absence of En.
(15) The hypothesis that the function of recA gene is to convert the unidirectionally replicating machinery in the free state to the bidirectionally replicating one in the integrated state is refuted accordingly.
(16) Observation refutes Freud's often quoted statement that masturbation is further removed from the nature of women than of men.
(17) Use of such data led to a false impression of drug efficacy, an impression later refuted when proper control studies demonstrated that the range of disease was much greater than had been previously supposed.
(18) Results refute the assertion that people who stutter are more anxious or depressed than those who do not.
(19) The claim made by astrologers that people can be characterized according to their sign of the zodiac (sagitarius, taurus, cancer, scorpion) must be refuted.
(20) Predictions from the chiasma map can be confirmed or refuted only by genetic evidence for which the estimates of this paper serve as initial values to begin maximum likelihood iteration.
Rejection
Definition:
(n.) Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected.
Example Sentences:
(1) Acceptance of less than ideal donors is ill-advised even though rejection of such donors conflicts with the current shortage of organs.
(2) Factors associated with higher incidence of rejection included loose sutures, traumatic wound dehiscence, and grafts larger than 8.5 mm.
(3) But the Franco-British spat sparked by Dave's rejection of Angela and Nicolas's cunning plan to save the euro has been given wings by news the US credit agencies may soon strip France of its triple-A rating and is coming along very nicely, thank you. "
(4) These results suggest that prevention of xenograft rejection using PAF-antagonist in association with other methods should be further investigated.
(5) Clinical diagnosis of rejection was made independently of immunological results.
(6) GlaxoSmithKline was unusually critical of the decision by Nice, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and also the Scottish Medicines Consortium, to reject its drug belimumab (brand name Benlysta) in final draft guidance.
(7) Maintenance therapy was always steroid-free to start with (cyclosporin+azathioprine) but in almost one half of our oldest survivors, it failed to avoid rejection and we had to add low-dose oral steroids for at least several months.
(8) This alloimmune memory was shown to survive for up to 50 days after first-set rejection.
(9) The diagnosis of acute infectious enterocolitis was rejected.
(10) Thirteen of the dogs treated with various drug regimens lived for 90 days, after which time treatment was stopped; 10 of the dogs eventually rejected the grafts, but three had continued graft function for 6 months or longer and may be permanently tolerant.
(11) He campaigned for a no vote and won handsomely, backed by more than 61%, before performing a striking U-turn on Thursday night, re-tabling the same austerity terms he had campaigned to defeat and which the voters rejected.
(12) A study was conducted to assess the suppression of segmental pancreatic allograft rejection by cyclosporine (CSA) alone in baboons and dogs, and subtotal marrow irradiation (TL1) alone and TL 1 in combination with CSA in baboons.
(13) It is understood that Cooper rejected pressure from senior Labour figures last week for both her and Liz Kendall to drop out and leave the way clear for Burnham to contest Corbyn alone.
(14) The correlations between the objective risk estimates and the subjective risk estimates were low overall (r = 0.089, p = 0.08); for women rejecting (r = 0.024, p = 0.44) or accepting (r = 0.082, p = 0.12) amniocentesis.
(15) Britain First applied to use seven slogans in the elections and four were rejected, but the remaining three, including the slogan relating to Rigby, were approved by the watchdog.
(16) The value of D was found to correlate significantly with age, with the upper rejection limit (5% level) increasingly elevated from 4.8 mm at 20 years to 7.5 mm at 80 years.
(17) Ninety-two percent of the patients were not reactive to dinitrochlorobenzene after sensitization; skin allograft rejection occurred in an average of 17 days.
(18) Acquired renal cysts developed even in grafts undergoing chronic rejection, and increased numbers were found in native kidneys that were in uremic conditions for long periods, both before and after renal transplantation.
(19) In most cases, there were both quantitative and morphological differences between the infiltrates in acute rejection and in the remaining perivascular infiltrates after treatment.
(20) Additionally, it appears effective as a prophylactic treatment against acute renal and cardiac rejection in the immediate post-transplantation period.