(n.) The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.
Example Sentences:
(1) The operational meaning of all the resulting theorems is that when any of them appear to be refuted experimentally, the presence of more than one parallel transport pathway (that is, of membrane heterogeneity transverse to the direction of transport) can be inferred and analyzed.
(2) The results presented refute arguments that these enzymes proceed by a concerted mechansim and support the intermediacy of aminoacyladenylates.
(3) Theories of urea formation during allantoin degradation in Glycine max have been recently refuted.
(4) A mitochondriogenic mechanism of calcification could not be confirmed nor refuted by this study.
(5) The probability that the initial situation is correct--the proband and the cohabitant's six children are all legitimate-is "practically refuted": W = 0.03%.
(6) The IFS says similar declines emerge if you set the figure as low as 40% of median income – utterly refuting Nick Clegg's toxic line dismissing the threshold as just "poverty plus a pound" .
(7) Molly Prince, managing director of the company, refuted the Guardian story with some lustily expressed but random facts: "CPUK have not only purchased tents for everyone (some stewards wanted to use their own but it was too wet to put them up, they insisted in having a go!).
(8) The need for neighboring states to use their data to confirm or refute findings is stressed.
(9) Hume, whose grantmaking credentials include leading a £500m cancer and palliative care grant programme for the Big Lottery Fund, refutes the notion that hospices will lose out.
(10) Additional studies are highly desirable to confirm or refute these findings, which, if valid, mean increasing lung cancer hazards caused by a decrease in ventilation in future energy saving unless special measures are undertaken to reduce radon daughters in dwellings.
(11) This did not happen and, on the evidence presented in this paper, the Fry theory of the pathogenesis of the deviated nasal septum is refuted.
(12) Marshall refuted claims CSIRO was moving away from public good scientific research , labelling it disturbing and untrue.
(13) This explanation was refuted, as all thymic subpopulations were found to express CD1, albeit with differences in antigen density, whereas all extrathymic subpopulations lack CD1.
(14) Location of En at the MN locus would not, however, refute the theory that Wra and Wrb cannot function in the absence of En.
(15) The hypothesis that the function of recA gene is to convert the unidirectionally replicating machinery in the free state to the bidirectionally replicating one in the integrated state is refuted accordingly.
(16) Observation refutes Freud's often quoted statement that masturbation is further removed from the nature of women than of men.
(17) Use of such data led to a false impression of drug efficacy, an impression later refuted when proper control studies demonstrated that the range of disease was much greater than had been previously supposed.
(18) Results refute the assertion that people who stutter are more anxious or depressed than those who do not.
(19) The claim made by astrologers that people can be characterized according to their sign of the zodiac (sagitarius, taurus, cancer, scorpion) must be refuted.
(20) Predictions from the chiasma map can be confirmed or refuted only by genetic evidence for which the estimates of this paper serve as initial values to begin maximum likelihood iteration.
Vocal
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the voice or speech; having voice; endowed with utterance; full of voice, or voices.
(a.) Uttered or modulated by the voice; oral; as, vocal melody; vocal prayer.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a vowel or voice sound; also, /poken with tone, intonation, and resonance; sonant; sonorous; -- said of certain articulate sounds.
(a.) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng; sonant; intonated; voiced. See Voice, and Vowel, also Guide to Pronunciation, // 199-202.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a vowel; having the character of a vowel; vowel.
(n.) A vocal sound; specifically, a purely vocal element of speech, unmodified except by resonance; a vowel or a diphthong; a tonic element; a tonic; -- distinguished from a subvocal, and a nonvocal.
(n.) A man who has a right to vote in certain elections.
Example Sentences:
(1) We present numerical methods for studying the relationship between the shape of the vocal tract and its acoustic output.
(2) Brewdog backs down over Lone Wolf pub trademark dispute Read more The fast-growing Scottish brewer, which has burnished its underdog credentials with vocal criticism of how major brewers operate , recently launched a vodka brand called Lone Wolf.
(3) This variability, coupled with the lack of extreme specificity in the secondary auditory cortex, suggests that secondary cortical neurons are not well suited for the role of "vocalization detectors."
(4) Unilateral lesions of n. intercollicularis (previously implicated in the control of vocal behavior) had little effect on song.
(5) Results of the present study show that epithelial cells of ciliated columnar type covering vocal cords change remarkably to nonciliated squamous cells between prenatal and postnatal stages.
(6) He has also been a vocal opponent of gay marriage, appearing on the Today programme in the run-up to the same-sex marriage bill to warn that it would "cause confusion" – and asking in a Spectator column, after it was passed, "if the law will eventually be changed to allow one to marry one's dog".
(7) Using a special electromyographic hypodermic needle, we injected botulinum A toxin into one of the vocal folds of two patients with severe spasmodic dysphonia.
(8) It is hypothesized that the first group contains predominantly or exclusively "primary" vocalization substrates; the second group is thought to be composed mainly of structures whose stimulation yields vocalization secondarily due to stimulus induced motivational changes.
(9) The system has been validated for monitoring ultrasonic vocalizations in the mouse.
(10) In addition to vocal cord paralysis on the laryngoscopy, videofluoroscopy confirmed diminished mobility of the soft palate.
(11) However, there is no reported study which compares the long-term outcome of patients with vocal cord nodules treated surgically with those treated with a combination of surgery and speech therapy, and those treated only with speech therapy.
(12) The capability to determine accurately vocal tract dimensions is a major advantage of this imaging technique.
(13) In a fairly high percentage of patients we noted a long-lasting positive result in respect of vocal performance, despite persisting vocal cord paresis.
(14) Here a diaphragm support breath pattern was used in voice therapy for patients with vocal nodules, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and incomplete glottal closure.
(15) The hypersensitivity, termed allodynia, where the animals reacted by vocalization to nonnoxious mechanical stimuli in the flank area, was consistently observed during several days after induction of the ischemia.
(16) He is a vocal critic of Putin and the leader of the United Civil Front opposition group.
(17) Familial vocal cord dysfunction is a rare condition that has been reported in only a few instances.
(18) A significant counter-example is now demonstrated in the production of a common vocalization by the black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus), in which the two acoustic sources interact in a nonlinear fashion.
(19) the operational efficiency of the neuromuscular phonatory control system, and the quality of vocal function.
(20) The published literature contains relatively few references to vocal rehabilitation for persons with partial laryngectomy.