(v. t.) To place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition, or the like.
(v. t.) To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of money borrowed.
(v. t.) To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace a lost document.
(v. t.) To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or office of.
(v. t.) To put in a new or different place.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thyroid replacement led to resolution of both apnea and depression.
(2) This may be due to efficient replacement of Leu by Phe at CUC (and, probably, CUU) codons throughout the genome.
(3) The previous year, he claimed £1,415 for two new sofas, made two separate claims of £230 and £108 for new bed linen, charged £86 for a new kettle and kitchen utensils and made two separate claims, of £65 and £186, for replacement glasses and crockery.
(4) We recently demonstrated that functional change in SSI was possible simply by replacing the amino acid residue at the reactive P1 site (methionine 73) of SSI.
(5) Analogues of [Orn6]-SP6-11 have been synthesized in which the Met11 residue is replaced by glutamate gamma-alkylesters.
(6) In fact, the addition of conditioned medium obtained by 48 hr preincubation of isolated monocytes with 10% PF-382 supernatant (M-CM2) or the concomitant addition of supernatant from PF-382 cells (PF-382-CM) and from unstimulated monocytes (M-CM1) are capable of fully replacing the presence of monocytes in the BFU-E assay.
(7) Major plasma metabolites of quazepam were 2-oxoquazepam (OQ), obtained by replacement of S by O,N-desalkyl-2-oxoquazepam (DOQ), and 3-hydroxy-2-oxoquazepam (HOQ) glucuronide.
(8) Attachment of the graft to the wound is similar with and without the addition of human basic fibroblast growth factor, a potent angiogenic agent, to the skin replacement before graft placement on wounds.
(9) It was concluded that the detachment of the oxaloyl residue from oxaloacetate and its replacement by a proton proceed with inversion of configuration at the methylene group which becomes methyl during the hydrolysis.
(10) I f you haven’t got a family, you need that replaced in some way, that’s the most important thing you can do for someone in care,” says 24-year-old Chloe Juliette, herself a care leaver.
(11) It is an intriguing moment: the new culture secretary, Sajid Javid, who was brought in to replace Maria Miller last month, is something of an unknown quantity.
(12) Replacement of Na+ by K+ or Li+ did not alter uptake, whereas replacement of Cl- by HCO-3 or gluconate- reduced uptake by approximately 40%.
(13) He underwent a mitral and aortic valve replacement, followed by a complicated postoperative course.
(14) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(15) C. parasitica mutant strains deficient in the production of endothiapepsin (eapA-) were constructed using a gene-replacement strategy.
(16) Replacement of vinyl groups with bulkier substituents (hydroxyethyl or acetyl groups) decreases holoenzyme stability and catalytic activity.
(17) It became fully operational in 1975, replacing its predecessor the rubber bullet.
(18) The experimental results for protein preparations of calmodulin in which Ca2+ was isomorphically replaced by Tb3+ were obtained by a spectrometer working at the Institute of Nuclear Physics.
(19) The rate of indole production is increased about 4-fold when the aminoacrylate produced is converted to S-(hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine by a coupled beta-replacement reaction with beta-mercaptoethanol.
(20) Ultrastructural study of the uterine lesion demonstrated smooth muscle cells with only a few "autophagic" facuoles to cells nearly replaced by lysosomes.
Superinduce
Definition:
(v. t.) To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something.
Example Sentences:
(1) Analysis of mRNA life span by using actinomycin D demonstrates that PPET-1 mRNA has a short intracellular half-life of about 15 min and is superinduced by cycloheximide.
(2) CHX alone does not increase transcription from these constructs in HeLa cells, although it superinduces the effects of PMA, IL-1 and TNF alpha.
(3) Cycloheximide even superinduces this gene when added together with poly(rI).poly(rC) and interleukin-1 (but not when added with interferon).
(4) All but one clone identified mRNA that were inducible even in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating the independence of such gene expression from protein synthesis; none of the genes were superinduced by this treatment.
(5) Superinducibility by cycloheximide is due to two effects: prolonged transcription and stabilization of mRNAs.
(6) A correlation was found between the amount of IFN produced by the primed or superinduced human embryo fibroblasts and the quantity of extractable polyadenylated translatable IFN mRNA in these cells.
(7) A 26-kDa protein, originally described in human fibroblasts superinduced for interferon beta (IFN-beta) production, and termed IFN-beta 2 by other investigators, is induced by cycloheximide and by a 22-kDa, interleukin 1 (IL-1)-related factor.
(8) Superinduction was possible up to 40 h post-induction after which the steady-state levels of mRNA had declined to limits below detection; IFN-gamma mRNA was not superinduced by cycloheximide in the presence of actinomycin D.
(9) In PC12 cells protein synthesis inhibitors superinduced nerve growth factor activation of c-fos mRNA production but completely abolished the activation of c-myc.
(10) Primary transcription of the IFN-gamma gene does not increase in cells superinduced by cycloheximide, nor can superinduction be explained by stabilization of IFN-gamma mRNA sequences.
(11) This mRNA was superinduced in cycloheximide-treated cells, but it also became gradually shorter.
(12) Procoagulant expression may, as for other cytokines involved in inflammatory responses, be regulated by short lived repressor proteins as low dose cycloheximide superinduced procoagulant responses to both LPS and IFN-gamma and caused the extracellular expression of procoagulant in response to IFN-gamma.
(13) In a Xenopus kidney cell line, the fos gene can be transcriptionally activated by serum growth factors and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and the fos mRNA can be superinduced by cycloheximide.
(14) This effect, and the fact that interferon mRNA synthesis can occur after the irradiation of cells with superinducing doses of UV, form the basis of the enhancement of interferon production by UV.
(15) Like jun-B, jun-A (c-jun) is rapidly activated by serum, platelet-derived growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor and is superinduced by serum in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis.
(16) The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), had no detectable effect on levels of TNF transcripts in resting monocytes, while this agent superinduced the level of TNF mRNA by 50-fold in TPA-activated cells.
(17) The result was supported by the experiments of superinduced cells (containing the high stable level of 2-5A-synthetase) fusion with monolayer of poly(I).poly(C)-induced L929 cells (taken at the start of interferon production).
(18) The expression of mRNA was constitutive in these cells and could be superinduced by conditioned medium.
(19) In the presence of cycloheximide, which blocks the steroidogenic effects of both hormones, proto-oncogene mRNAs were superinduced by both hormones.
(20) However, neither GM-CSF nor TPA could induce accumulation of TIS1 mRNA in 32D clone 3 cells, even under superinducing conditions.