(n.) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.
(n.) Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
(n.) A repetition; a copy.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, DNA polymerase alpha, the enzyme involved in chromosomal DNA replication, was relatively insensitive to CA1.
(2) Assessment of the likelihood of replication in humans has included in vitro exposure of human cells to the potential pesticidal agent.
(3) Apparently, the irradiation with visible light of a low intensity creates an additional proton gradient and thus stimulates a new replication and division cycle in the population of cells whose membranes do not have delta pH necessary for the initiation of these processes.
(4) In each study, all subjects underwent four replications (over two days) of one of the six permutations of the three experimental conditions; each condition lasted 5 min.
(5) It has also been used to measure the amount of excision repair performed by non-replicating cells damaged by carcinogens.
(6) PMN were found to be nonpermissive for HSV replication and were unable to bind virus in the absence of antibody.
(7) However, further improvement of culture systems is needed for active replication of HBV in vitro.
(8) Businesses fleeing Brexit will head to New York not EU, warns LSE chief Read more Amid attempts by Frankfurt, Paris and Dublin to catch possible fallout from London, Sir Jon Cunliffe said it was highly unlikely that any EU centre could replicate the services offered by the UK’s financial services industry.
(9) It is concluded that fibroblast replication is an important mechanism leading to the pathologic fibrosis seen in graft versus host disease and, by analogy, probably other types of immunologically mediated fibrosis.
(10) We found that, although controlled release delivery of ddC inhibited de novo FeLV-FAIDS replication and delayed onset of viremia when therapy was discontinued (after 3 weeks), an equivalent incidence and level of viremia were established rapidly in both ddC-treated and control cats.
(11) None of the compounds proved active against the replication of retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus, murine sarcoma virus) at concentrations that were not toxic to the host cells.
(12) The M 13 specific DNA present in minicells isolated several hours after infection consists of single stranded viral DNA and double stranded replicative forms in nearly equal amounts.
(13) A standard protocol is reported for the highly efficient demonstration of replication patterns corresponding to R-type and G-type banding.
(14) Infidelity of replication is a hallmark of the HIV-1 RT, and replication errors by the enzyme on RNA and DNA templates are discussed.
(15) To determine if late viral genes contribute to target cell lysis, phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), an inhibitor of DNA polymerase activity, was used to block DNA replication that is required for expression of late viral proteins.
(16) Virus replication in nasal turbinates was not diminished while infection in the lung was suppressed sufficiently for the infected mice to survive the infection.
(17) The specificity of vaccinia restriction was demonstrated by the ability of myxoma virus to replicate in nonimmune and vaccinia-immune macrophages.
(18) After permeabilization, with attendant partial extraction, the preparation can be fixed, then viewed by either deep-etch replication, or by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, with structure of interest revealed in deep view.
(19) The model is based on the concept that a cell with hypothetically unlimited replicative potential--i.e.
(20) However, the degree of inhibition of parasite replication after exposure to rMu-GM-CSF was not as great as after treatment with rMu-IFN-gamma, and much more rMu-GM-CSF than rMu-IFN-gamma was required to achieve an equivalent antimicrobial effect.
Transcription
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.
(n.) A copy; a transcript.
(n.) An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composers for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Liszt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.
Example Sentences:
(1) These lysates are comparable to those of Escherichia coli in transcriptional and translational fidelity and efficiency in response to a given template DNA.
(2) This induction is sensitive to actinomycin D but not to protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin, indicating an effect of estradiol at the transcriptional level, possibly mediated by the estrogen receptor.
(3) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(4) Quantitative determinations indicate that the amount of PBG-D mRNA is modulated both by the erythroid nature of the tissue and by cell proliferation, probably at the transcriptional level.
(5) Here we show that this induction of AP-2 mRNA is at the level of transcription and is transient, reaching a peak 48-72 hr after the addition of RA and declining thereafter, even in the continuous presence of RA.
(6) At the fepB operator, a 31 base-pair Fur-protected region was identified, corresponding to positions -19 to +12 with respect to the transcriptional start site.
(7) A strong block to the elongation of nascent RNA transcripts by RNA polymerase II occurs in the 5' part of the mammalian c-fos proto-oncogene.
(8) In the absence of an authentic target for the MASH proteins, we examined their DNA binding and transcriptional regulatory activity by using a binding site (the E box) from the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene, a target of MyoD.
(9) Thus, human bronchial epithelial cells can express the IL-8 gene, with expression in response to the inflammatory mediator TNF regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, and with elements within the 5'-flanking region of the gene that are directly or indirectly modulated by the TNF signal.
(10) Nevertheless, this LTR does not govern efficient transcription of adjacent genes in a transient expression assay.
(11) Other DNase I hypersensitive sites located adjacent to the S14 cap site at -65 to -265 base pairs (Hss-1) or upstream at -1.3 kb (Hss-2), -2.1 kb (Hss-3'), -5.3 kb (Hss-4), and -6.2 kb (Hss-5) remained unaffected by changes in S14 gene transcription.
(12) In vitro transcription products were analyzed for their 5' end sequences and their oligonucleotide compositions.
(13) We have investigated interactions between the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 and factors binding two cis-acting elements commonly linked to GATA sites in erythroid control elements.
(14) Thyroid hormones suppress transcription of the gene for the beta-subunit of thyrotropin (TSH beta).
(15) An sdh-specific transcript of about 3,450 nucleotides was detected in vegetative bacteria.
(16) An attempt was made to elucidate possible participation of low molecular weight nuclear RNA's (LMWN RNA's) in the transcription process.
(17) The relative contributions of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression to the increase in constitutively expressed cellular proteins were examined in mouse kidneys undergoing compensatory growth following unilateral nephrectomy (UNI-NX).
(18) Reverse transcription of retina mRNA followed by DNA amplification using D4-specific nucleotides demonstrates the presence of D4 mRNA in retina.
(19) These levels are sufficient to maintain normal in vivo rates of mRNA and rRNA synthesis, but the average density of packing of polymerases on DNA is considerably less than the maximum density predicted by Miller and Bakken (1972), suggesting that initiation of polymerases of DNA is a limiting factor in the control of transcription.
(20) In addition, a 2.6-kilobase WHV RNA transcript was found in the majority of the NL tissues.