What's the difference between retardation and slowdown?

Retardation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as, the retardation of the motion of a ship; -- opposed to acceleration.
  • (n.) That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction.
  • (n.) The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from suspension by resolving upwards instead of downwards.
  • (n.) The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding or delay.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is followed by rapid neurobehavioral deterioration in late infancy or early childhood, a developmental arrest, plateauing, and then either a course of retarded development or continued deterioration.
  • (2) Low birth weight, short stature, and mental retardation were common features in the four known patients with r(8).
  • (3) It was found that preterm infants (delivered before 38 weeks of gestation) had nine times the early neonatal mortality of term infants, irrespective of growth retardation patterns.
  • (4) Instead of later renal failure and, of course, mental retardation, it was the histological features of the fetus eyes which permit to diagnose and exhibit both congenital cataract and irido-corneal angle dysgenesis.
  • (5) In the interim, sonographic studies during pregnancy in women at risk for AIDS may be helpful in identifying fetal intrauterine growth retardation and may help raise our level of suspicion for congenital AIDS.
  • (6) Three types of responses were observed: group A, no inhibition of gastric acid secretion occurred in 17 (40%) ulcer patients and in three (18%) controls (p less than 0.05); group B, inhibition of gastric acidity occurred in seven (16%) ulcer patients and in 12 (71%) controls (p less than 0.05), and group C, retarded gastric acid inhibition occurred in 19 (44%) duodenal ulcer patients and in 2 (12%) controls (p less than 0.05).
  • (7) This new way of thinking is reflected in the 1992 AAMR definition of what mental retardation is (Luckasson et al., 1992).
  • (8) Confirmation of the striking correlation between increased urinary ammonia and lowered neonatal ponderal index may afford a simple test for the identification of nutrient-related growth retardation.
  • (9) Governmental officials as well as medical scientists in Taiwan have worked hard in recent years to develop and to implement various measures, such as prenatal diagnosis and neonatal screening, to lower the incidence of hereditary diseases and mental retardation in the population.
  • (10) A lower than normal percentage of REM sleep in these patients was consistent with their retarded intellectual development, which supports current thinking that REM sleep may be a sensitive index of brain function integrity.
  • (11) Bone age has been analyzed mixed-longitudinally in a subsample of 370 patients (660 observations) and showed a slight retardation at all ages between 6 and 13 yr. Development of pubic hair of 91 subjects analyzed cross-sectionally was definitely retarded when compared to adequate reference data.
  • (12) The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.
  • (13) However, patients can be taught how to retard the onset of wrinkles by avoiding unprotected sun exposure, unnecessary facial movements, and certain sleeping positions.
  • (14) Between-group responsivity differences suggest developmental retardation in term (38-42 weeks) SGA newborns, but the faster SGA latencies may reflect 'induced' acceleration in auditory neurophysiologic function.
  • (15) Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques.
  • (16) Thus, the patient with asymptomatic bacteriuria and a positive FA test is at greater risk of delivering an intrauterine growth-retarded infant.
  • (17) Diffusional anisotropy of water protons, induced by nonrandom, directional barriers which hinder or retard water motion, is measurable by MRI.
  • (18) Partial duplication of the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 5, on the other hand, is associated mainly with musculoskeletal abnormalities including muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, scoliosis, lordosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, and genu valgum, in addition to psychomotor retardation.
  • (19) In contrast, the same concentration of isopropanol produced narcosis in the dams, retarded body-weight gain and reduced the feed intake.
  • (20) A lysosomal membrane labilizer, vitamin A, exacerbated the cartilage pathology, whereas a stabilizer, cortisone, retarded it.

Slowdown


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) China’s stock market rout Shanghai stocks Chinese shares have tumbled in recent weeks against the backdrop of a slowdown in the world’s second-largest economy .
  • (2) A slowdown in foreign markets played a part in Britain's worse than expected trade deficit in July, though manufacturing made gains in line with improvements in Britain's domestic performance.
  • (3) Rather than experiencing a slowdown in its frenetic building sector, however, Kabul is increasingly overrun with precarious apartment blocks.
  • (4) Amna Asa, economist at Capital Economics , said: "The slowdown in global economic growth appears to have hit American manufacturers in April.
  • (5) Governments must defeat a rising tide of protectionism to prevent a further slowdown in global growth, the head of the International Monetary Fund has said.
  • (6) Fears are rising however that external tensions such as Russia's dispute with the west over Ukraine might exacerbate a slowdown in the UK if it starts to weigh on the economy in Europe – Britain's biggest trading partner.
  • (7) Pushing for change at the same time as the harshest ever slowdown in spending on the NHS may be justifiable.
  • (8) Industries such as retail, leisure and travel are also expected to experience a slowdown in their recovery.
  • (9) Chipmaker ARM is the biggest faller in London, as analysts fret about a slowdown in royalty revenues.
  • (10) So while many have claimed Britain was worst placed of any to withstand the global slowdown, the OECD and IMF have both shown that Britain last year had the highest growth of any of the G7 countries.
  • (11) A total of 71,638 loans were approved for house purchase, above the previous six-month average of 65,001 and the highest monthly figure since January 2008 when the credit crisis and economic slowdown started to take hold of the market.
  • (12) The US has released new figures showing shale output growing, while Chinese economic data all points to further factory slowdowns.
  • (13) But if "the slowdown reflects longer-lasting forces bearing down on activity", the implications are more profound.
  • (14) A slowdown in the rate of expansion in the first three months of the year is helpful to Gordon Brown's central message in the election campaign that the UK is too weak to withstand spending cuts this year.
  • (15) City economists expect the first official estimate of growth in the fourth quarter of 2013 to show a slight slowdown from previous month but still put the UK's recovery ahead of that in other western European countries.
  • (16) Oil prices remained below $50 a barrel, down from more than $110 a barrel last summer when the slowdown in China first became apparent.
  • (17) And as Wednesday's news of the biggest monthly drop in retail sales for more than two years indicates, this slowdown has spread along the high street.
  • (18) Commodity prices have slumped in reaction to the slowdown among some of the world’s biggest manufacturing nations.
  • (19) That slowdown would have a knock-on effect on the government’s finances and so borrowing was expected to be significantly higher than at the time of Osborne’s final budget back in March.
  • (20) With a sharp economic slowdown no consumer business is immune," Darroch added.