(1) The initial stage of polarization is axis selection, during which zygotes monitor environment gradients to determine the appropriate direction for rhizoid formation.
(2) Under these conditions, we determined whether sulfation of the fucan is required for its localization in the rhizoid wall.
(3) Structure of cell walls of encysted meiospores, rhizoids, and hyphae differ from one another by the location of amorphous materials and by the arrangement of chitin microfibrils.
(4) The present study deals with patients in whom the diagnostic procedures applied in rhizoid arthrosis were considered to reveal scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid (STT) arthrosis.
(5) While different developmental stages show minor quantitative changes in chitin, the ratio of galactose to glucose decreases sharply during differentiation of ungerminated cysts into germlings with rhizoids and hyphae.
(6) The germination direction of chloronemal filaments is directly influenced by red light over this whole intensity range, while that of rhizoids tends to be opposite the chloronema.
(7) These features are the presence of hydrogenosomes at all stages of the life cycle, the presence in rhizoids and sporangia of characteristic crystals coated with hexagonal arrays of particles, and in zoospores the presence of distinct surface layers on the motility organelles and cell body respectively, the organization of the ribosomes into helical and globular arrays and the structures associated with the kinetosomes.
(8) In addition to biochemical changes in response to variations in the ratio of availability of various resources (photons, N, P) there are also structural changes; significant here is the increased occurrence of (often colourless) hairs in haptophytes and (probably) of enhanced rhizoid development in rhizophytes.
(9) The ribosomal RNA transport from a nucleus to a perinuclear cytoplasm and its following distribution in the cytoplasm of Acetabularia mediterranea cells were studied using transplantation of RNA-labeled rhizoid into unlabeled stalk.
(10) Exoglucanase, measured with alkali-treated Sigmacell or Avicel, gave low levels of activity in the culture fluid (less than 2 U ml-1) and did not appear to be associated with the fungal rhizoid, as treatment with various solubilizing agents failed to give increased activity.
(11) Previous work indicated that zygotes grown in seawater minus sulfate do not sulfate the preformed fucan (an unsulfated fucoidin) but form rhizoids.
(12) In the rhizoid bulbil cell walls, six different layers could be distinguished, but their occurrence seemed to depend on the fixation, staining and cutting procedures.
(13) The outermost layers of internodal, cortical and rhizoid bulbil cells were composed of randomly orientated fibrils.
(14) Inhibitors could be grouped according to the stage of germination (cyst or rhizoid) at which they blocked development; those effective at the rhizoid stage, could be divided further on the basis of the resultant morphology of the germling.
(15) The ability of P communis to more rapidly degrade maize stem was probably due to the presence of filamentous rhizoids.
(16) The rumen flagellate Sphaeromonas communis showed a significant increase in population density 1 to 2 h after the host sheep commenced feeding, followed by a reduction in numbers to the pre-feeding level after a further 2 to 3 h. The life-history of the organism was shown to consist of a motile flagellate which germinated to produce a vegetative stage comprising a limited rhizoidal system on which up to three reproductive bodies were borne together with (in vitro) other spherical bodies of unknown function; in vivo, the reproductive bodies were stimulated to liberate flagellates by a component of the diet of the host.
(17) Vn does not localize to the rhizoid tip under culture conditions that prevent two-celled embryos from attaching.
(18) In both the rhizoids and the sporangia 'crystal bodies' and hydrogenosomes are present.
(19) If sulfate is added back to cultures of zygotes grown without sulfate, fucoidin is detected at the rhizoid tip by RCA(I)-FITC several hours later.
(20) A sulphated F2 alone is not sufficient for its localization since in the presence of cytochalasin, vesicles containing F2 are not transported to the rhizoid.
Stolon
Definition:
(n.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or at the joints; a stole.
(n.) An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under Scyphistoma.
Example Sentences:
(1) If the compounds are applied in a pulse during metamorphosis, a large part of the available tissue forms stolons.
(2) The youngest, forming desmocytes are found in the distal end of the stolon 0.5-1.0 mm from the base of the hydranth.
(3) When whole animals are exposed to SIF, stolons sprout not only from the base of the polyps but also from abnormal sites along the entire body, even from the head.
(4) Selected recombinants have been used to demonstrate that phosphorylase mRNA is most abundant in tubers but is also detectable in stolon, root, stem and leaf tissue.
(5) A cDNA clone (pPCM-1) for plant calmodulin was isolated by screening a potato stolon tip cDNA library with a chicken calmodulin cDNA.
(6) By analogy to processes in angiogenesis (blood vessel formation), the development of the stolonal network in colonial hydrozoa involves stimulation of branching and mutual chemotropic attraction of the growing branches by means of soluble morphogenetic factors.
(7) No significant differences in macro- and micromorphology were found between the parasitic stolon and free-living polyps of Polypodium sp.
(8) Remnants have lost their mesogleal connection and are located in more proximal, older regions of upright stolon.
(9) Stolon tips showed the highest levels of calmodulin mRNA, suggesting a role for calmodulin in the tuberization process.
(10) The granule-bound starch synthase gene is expressed organ-specifically since stolons and tubers showed GUS activities 125- to 3350-fold higher than in leaves.
(11) These results are very similar to these ones occuring in Syllidae with the stolonization mode of reproduction.
(12) Micropipettes ejecting SIF mimic the inducing action of stolon tips, the putative sources of SIF.
(13) At high SIF doses the whole hydranth is transformed into stolon tissue.
(14) Incubation of larvae in 10 to 20 microM-homarine or trigonelline prevents head as well as stolon formation.
(15) The process of tuber formation also changed, resulting in significantly more tubers both per plant and per stolon.
(16) Support provided by the desmocytes to the upright stolon is limited by three factors that characterize the athecate hydroid: distribution of perisarc, pattern of growth, and extent of movement.
(17) The capsule of the dormant bud has some structural features in common with the black stolon of the adult zooids.
(18) An anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) phenolic constituent, licopyranocoumarin (4), and two other new phenolics named licoarylcoumarin (5) and glisoflavone (6) were isolated from Si-pei licorice (a commercial licorice; root and stolon of Glycyrrhiza sp.
(19) Treatment of developing colonies of Podocoryne carnea, a hydractiniid hydroid, with dilute solutions of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, accelerates the usual ontogenetic trajectory of polyp and stolon production.
(20) In addition, the polyp (hydranth) secretes a chitinous periderm which, in the species under investigation, normally envelops stolons but not hydranths.