(n.) The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below.
(n.) The cud of a ruminant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirty-two strains of pectin-fermenting rumen bacteria were isolated from bovine rumen contents in a rumen fluid medium which contained pectin as the only added energy source.
(2) In trial with adult wethers and weaned lambs the effect of enzymatic preparation Pektofoetidin G3x (mostly pectinase and cellulase) on rumen fermentation was studied.
(3) Microbial fermentation and nutrient degradation in the rumen were reduced by saponins.
(4) Very few receptors were located in the caudal regions of the rumen whereas the cranial sac is richly supplied with tension receptors.
(5) The microbial populations of the rumens of seaweed-fed and pasture-fed Orkney sheep were examined.
(6) Rumen pH decrease to below 5.0 in S2-, lasalocid-, and monensin-treated cattle was not due to lactic acid, but to increased production of volatile fatty acids.
(7) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(8) In addition, some indices of rumen physiology were determined.
(9) The microflora in strained rumen fluid did not methylate or volatilize 203Hg2+ at detectable rates.
(10) In an experiment with wethers we investigated the effect of complete pelleted feed ration on the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and intestinal tract.
(11) F100 cells were able to grow in vitro in whole rumen contents in the presence of an added utilizable substrate such as sorbitol, but addition of sorbitol to the rumen failed to enhance survival in vivo.
(12) Consumption of alfalfa hay resulted in the highest total viable counts of rumen bacteria but a lower proportion of fibrolytic counts than seen on the grass diets.
(13) The culture maintained at pH 6.7 contained the types of bacteria often found in high concentration in the rumen, whereas the culture maintained at pH 5.0 had a high percentage of bacteria which could not be identified with the major rumen bacteria found in rumens of animals fed alfalfa hay.
(14) The N supplements had no significant effects on rumen pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acids, their molar proportions or the disappearance of DM or N from porous synthetic-fibre bags.
(15) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(16) This strain became established more easily in the rumen of lambs that had received complex inocula (group I).
(17) A comparison was made of the effect of providing or denying water to steers during the last 20 h before slaughter on carcase weight, bruising, muscle pH, and during the dressing process on the numbers of rumens from which ingesta was split and the number of heads and tongues condemned because of contamination with ingesta.
(18) In both experiments, the proportion of L-lactate in rumen fluid decreased from almost 100 to about 50% of total lactate by the end of phase II.
(19) passing through a 1.18 mm sieve during wet sieving) from the reticulo-rumen were negatively related to dimensions of particles, with greater ease of outflow for legume than for grass particles of the same length or diameter.
(20) There was a significant interaction effect such that increasing level of intake did not increase UAN with the high-NIS diet, despite an increased fractional outflow of solids from the rumen, in contrast to the increase observed with the high-wheat diet.
Ruminate
Definition:
(v. i.) To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed.
(v. i.) To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect.
(v. t.) To chew over again.
(v. t.) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.
(a.) Alt. of Ruminated
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.