(a.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.
(n.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.
Ungulate
Definition:
(a.) Shaped like a hoof.
(a.) Furnished with hoofs. See the Note under Nail, n., 1.
(n.) Any hoofed quadruped; one of the Ungulata.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mysłajek says only scientific arguments – the need to regenerate forests and control the ungulate population – can save Europe’s wild carnivores, especially the unpopular wolf.
(2) In previous studies we reported that immunization of mice with ungulate insulins induced the development of antiinsulin antibodies, which include an idiotype that appeared to recognize the part of the insulin molecule recognized by the hormone receptor.
(3) The purpose of this publication is to describe a method by which this feat has been achieved in 150 pound ungulates undergoing prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.
(4) SP-IR fibers were abundant in the musculature of the ungulate papillae at the reticulo-omasal orifice and in the smooth muscle of the omasal leaves, moderately dense in the omasal pillar, and low in density in the inner muscle layer of the reticulo-omasal orifice and in the muscle of the omasal wall.
(5) Comparison with other ungulates shows that pig myoglobin is far from other artiodactyls previously studied (ox and sheep) and close to the eutherian ancestral chain.
(6) The analytical results indicated that a lipid fraction from all of these sources contained ceramide, galactose, galactosamine, sulfate, and sialic acid in equimolar amounts, and that the fractions were similar to the ungulic acid isolated earlier from a horse's hoof.
(7) Evidence for a controlling and therefore protective role of neutralizing Ig against lentiviruses has been defined in natural and experimental infections with equine infectious anemia virus of ungulate members in the family equidae.
(8) Toroviridae, recently discovered as causes of diarrhoea in ungulates, do not seem to be at all important as causes of diarrhoea in humans.
(9) The onset of mRNADA4 accumulation after a single PRL injection was rapid with statistically significant levels occurring by 3 h. Several lactogenic type hormones, but not an ungulate GH, were potent inducers of mRNADA4.
(10) Three domestic and 12 wild species of ungulate have been recorded as hosts of Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum.
(11) In ungulates, intestinal absorption of maternal immunoglobulins from colostrum plays a vital role in the acquisition of passive immunity during early neonatal life.
(12) Visna virus is an ungulate lentivirus that is distantly related to the primate lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
(13) This report describes the first occurrence of yersiniosis in free-ranging muskoxen and the first documentation of large scale mortality due to this disease in a free-ranging population of wild ungulates.
(14) The authors were at that time involved in comparison of pulsatile flow to steady flow cardiopulmonary bypass in large ungulates.
(15) An investigation of brucellosis caused by Brucella suis, type 4, in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus L., and other ungulates inoculated experimentally with virulent isolates was undertaken to observe the course of infection, follow titres of serum agglutins, and determine the extent to which intraspecific and interspecific transmission might occur among confined animals.
(16) Unconjugated A was present in blood of the rodents and domestic ungulates studied, while the parent sulphate could be demonstrated only in rat, dog, pig and cow.
(17) The main characteristics of the Purkinje fibers are: cable-like structure in birds, ungulates, and proximal BB fibers of other mammals; lack of transverse tubular system; generally little contractile material associated with a high number of intermediate filaments; few mitochondria and low mitochondrial enzyme activity; high amount of glycogen and anaerobic ability rendering them relatively resistant to hypoxia.
(18) Some disease organisms were fed to a captive bird to discover if they could survive passage through the tract, and the role of these scavenging birds in the spread of diseases among wild ungulates is discussed.
(19) On the other hand regulations concerning game hunted for food (Deer: Red deer, Sika deer, Fallow deer, Roe deer; Horned ungulates: European mouflon, Chamois; Wild boar; European hare; European rabbit; game such as Badger and Raccoon) and regulations to be observed by hunters, mainly for the gaining of meat were discussed.
(20) Sera obtained from wild ungulates, carnivores, and rodents in Colorado were tested for neutralizing (N) antibody against vesicular stomatitis, New Jersey serotype (VSNJ), virus to determine their involvement in the 1982 Colorado VSNJ epizootic in domestic animals.