What's the difference between salicin and saligenin?
Salicin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside found in the bark and leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.
Example Sentences:
(1) As an easy and reliable basis test combination for performing a minimal biochemical Salmonella diagnosis a series consisting of Kligler's medium and media containing urea, lysine, lactose, sucrose, sorbose, and salicin is suggested.
(2) The fermentation pattern of the 34 strains with melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, salicin, and sorbitol allowed classification into 11 biotypes.
(3) Wild-type E. coli K12 do not utilize the beta-glucoside sugars, arbutin, salicin and cellobiose.
(4) The strains of group 1 were more cellobiose, melibiose, and salicin fermentative than those of group 2.
(5) We examined 113 strains of fresh clinical isolates of E. coli and assessed the ability of colonies in a population to hydrolyze esculin with and without preincubation in inducible substrates at 24, 48, and 72 h. The number of strains capable of fermenting salicin, a sugar with a beta-glucoside linkage like esculin, was studied under the same conditions.
(6) salicin, 4-nitrophenyl glucoside) are 100 times larger.
(7) Both complexes had approximately the same Km values for p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and salicin.
(8) The uptake of 14C-glucose was also inhibited by salicin, alpha-methylglucoside, and beta-methylglucoside, but not by pentoses, L-hexoses, sugar alcohols, disaccharides (except maltose), gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, phlorizin, or ouabain.
(9) Glucose, cellobiose, glucono-delta-lactone, galactose, lactose, maltose and salicin acted as competitive inhibitors during the hydrolysis of pNPG with the apparent inhibition constants (Kis) of 4.8 mM, 0.035 mM, 0.062 mM, 28.5 mM, 0.38 mM, 15.0 mm and 31.0 mM, respectively.
(10) All the strains fermented lactose, maltose, dextrose and sucrose whereas, salicine was fermented only by 17 strains.
(11) Acid production from carbohydrates was uniform apart from variable reactions with mannose and salicin.
(12) We show here, however, that these double mutants can be accounted for by spontaneous mutation to intermediate genotypes in non-growing populations, coupled with slow growth of some of these intermediates on salicin, which enables their populations to reach a size where secondary mutations allowing rapid growth on salicin become common.
(13) On the basis of additional tests (acid production from salicin, L-rhamnose, D-mannitol, adonitol, and D-arabitol), the 729 isolates could be separated into five groups.
(14) Biochemically, these non-invasive strains are indole-, aesculin- and salicin-positive.
(15) Positive results (100% positive unless indicated) included motility; gas production during fermentation (96% at 2 days, 100% at 3 to 7 days); growth in nutrient broth with the addition of 1% NaCl (88%), 2% NaCl, 3.5% NaCl, 6% NaCl, 8% NaCl, and 10% NaCl (92%); dry red or orange colonies on marine agar; and fermentation of L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-galactose (88%), D-glucose, lactose (88%), maltose, D-mannitol (96%), D-mannose, salicin, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose.
(16) In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose.
(17) These abilities were not displayed by P. diclinum, but this species grew more vigorously on cellobiose, fructose, gentibiose, inulin, raffinose, maltose, mannose, salicin, starch and sucrose than P. destruens.
(18) In other strains, especially S. paratyphi B cultures, DMSO doesn't touch sorbose adaption directly but amplifies the restraing effect of salicine.
(19) All 14 strains of B. subtilis can use the following 17 sources of carbon and energy: D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucosamine, salicin, D-ribose, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, arbutin, starch, mannitol, glycerol, glycerate, pyruvate, fumarate, and L-proline.
(20) Twenty-one strains, representing five serotypes, were esculin- and salicin-negative, and were considered to be the primary cause of disease in the majority of these cases.
Saligenin
Definition:
(n.) A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.
Example Sentences:
(1) The cyclic saligenin phosphate (PSP) has been suggested to be the active metabolite of the protoxicant TOCP.
(2) The beta-glucosidase catalyzed the complete hydrolysis of salicin and salicortin, yielding saligenin and glucose.
(3) However, phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate produced maximal inhibition at a much lower concentration (0.5 microM) than p-nitrophenol (200 microM) or paraoxon (200 microM).
(4) Trace amounts of saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate, hydroxymethyl, and di(hydroxymethyl) TOCP were also detected in the urine and feces.
(5) In the urine were excreted 15% of the unchanged drug and the following metabolites: 0.1% saligenin (4), 30% 5, 5% 5-conjugates, 0.1% 6, 2% gentisic acid (7) and 0.1% 2,3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (8).
(6) Testes in rats given ten doses had significantly more TOCP and saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate than those from rats given a single dose.
(7) A biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation was used to assess in vitro neuromuscular function in adult white leghorn hens with clinical signs of delayed neuropathy induced by phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP).
(8) Hen and mouse brain NTE activity, assayed in vitro for sensitivity to inhibition by tolyl saligenin phosphate (TSP), the active neurotoxic metabolite of TOCP, showed similar IC50 values.
(9) Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, was administered to adult white leghorn hens to determine if inhibition of calcium entry could alter delayed neuropathy induced by administration of phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP).
(10) Previous studies have shown that after dosing with tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), the testis contains more active intermediate (saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate; SCOTP) than do other organs or blood.
(11) Two organophosphorus compounds, paraoxon and phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate, as well as p-nitrophenol and phenol which are structurally related to paraoxon, were tested for their effects on interleukin 2 (IL2) production and responsiveness by rat splenocytes in vitro.
(12) TOCP and its activated metabolite saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate (SCOTP) were evaluated for effects on rat Sertoli cells in primary culture.
(13) Overall, the most effective synergist was S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) followed by phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphonate (PSCP) and two substituted N,N-dimethylcarbamates: SK-102 and SK-37.
(14) Doses of D-(+) which produced 50% unaged inhibited NTE were protective: challenge with the highly neuropathic phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate did not cause OPIDP.
(15) Salmeterol xinafoate, like salbutamol (albuterol), is a saligenin derivative, and a selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist.
(16) In the bile a TOCP active metabolite, saligenin cyclic-o-cresyl phosphate, was the predominant compound found compared to the parent compound in the excreta.
(17) Small concentrations of the neurotoxic metabolite of saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate, were detected in plasma at all but the last time point analyzed.
(18) This concept was re-evaluated in chickens by quantitatively comparing the effects of the organophosphates tri-ortho-tolyl (TOTP) and phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) on two separate nerves, the branch of the tibial nerve that supplies the gastrocnemius muscle, and the small cervical nerve that innervates the biventer cervicis muscle.
(19) While di(hydroxymethyl) TOCP was present in trace amounts in plasma, an appreciable amount of saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate, believed to be the active neurotoxic metabolite, was detected.
(20) Cyclic phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) proved to be a potent delayed neurotoxin, eliciting clinical disease and lesions, and depressing neuropathy target esterase and plasma cholinesterase at much lower doses than the protoxicant tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP).