(n.) A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.
Example Sentences:
(1) Our results show that saponins are, in part (about 57%), hydrolyzed into sapogenins in the digestive tract.
(2) These isomeric steroid sapogenins (C27H44O3) are believed the toxic principles in causing toxicity in sheep after feeding on B. decumbens.
(3) Callus induced from stems was superior in terms of growth, saponin and sapogenin contents, and saponin composition.
(4) This novel effect appears to be a universal characteristic of plant steroids, since it can be elicited by sitosterols, C27-sapogenins, C27-alkaloids, and saponins of the cholanic and beta-amirinic group.
(5) Callus also produced a larger amount of sapogenins than intact plants.
(6) Spectral characteristics of the products of the Chugaev reaction with steroid hormones, sapogenins and alkaloids are analyzed by spectrophotometry and fluorescent spectroscopy.
(7) The triterpene glycosides are then hydrolysed with subsequent analysis of the liberated sapogenins by high-performance liquid chromatography using gradient elution and mass detection.
(8) The main sapogenin was isolated by preparative chromatography and its structure was elucidated by mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and UV spectra.
(9) It is shown that 6-ketoderivatives of natural sapogenins, viz.
(10) From the leaves of Acanthopanax hypoleucus Makino (Araliaceae), five triterpenoidal saponins, having oleanolic acid and hederagenin as sapogenins, were isolated.
(11) Two new pentacyclic triterpenoidal sapogenins of oleanane type, namely glyyunnansapogenin A (I) and glyyunnansapogenin B (II), together with a known compound beta-sitosterol were isolated and characterized from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai, family Leguminosae, collected in Yunnan Province, China.
(12) Two new triterpenoidal sapogenins of oleanane type, namely glyyunnanprosapogenin D (V) and glyyunnansapogenin F (IX) were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai, family Leguminosae, collected from Yunnan Province, China.
(13) The structure of gymnemagenin (3 beta,16 beta,21 beta,22 alpha,23,28-hexahydroxy-olean-12-ene), the sapogenin of the antisweet principles of Gymnema sylvestre, was established by X-ray analysis of the 3 beta,23;21 beta,22 alpha-di-O-isopropylidene derivative.
(14) Base-catalyzed equilibration of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-25R-spirostan-12-one (hemcogenin, II) with deuterium oxide, followed by removal of the 12-keto group and degradation of the sapogenin side-chain afforded 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-[11,11-2H2]pregn-16-en-20-one (VII).
(15) The search in plants for sapogenins has been stimulated by the need for readily accessible sources of sapogenins which can be converted in the laboratory to animal sterols of therapeutic importance.
(16) The present study represents a clinical trial for the investigation of the antiinflammatory effect of natural steroidal sapogenins on oral aphthous ulcers.
(17) The chromatographic properties of approximately 100 sterols, select steroids of plant origin (sapogenins and steroidal alkaloids) and triterpenoids has been evaluated in this laboratory by monitoring their elution characteristics in adsorption (gravity column and thin-layer methods with and without the addition of silver nitrates), gas and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
(18) Because of partial degradation of the sapogenins in the GLC system it was found necessary to acetylate the compounds prior to their estimation.
(19) In this present study, steroidal saponis were isolated from Kleingrass and their sapogenins were identified as diosgenin and yamogenin by means of thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrophotometric analysis.
(20) All results are in accordance with previous investigations on the mechanism of saponin and sapogenin hemolysis.
Saponin
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anaesthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
(2) The cell fermentation culture with a stabilized pH value was better than the culture with the pH value changing spontaneously on saponin content, growth rate and biomass.
(3) The aglycone of each saponin was identified as quillaic acid.
(4) Microbial fermentation and nutrient degradation in the rumen were reduced by saponins.
(5) The individual micelles are relatively flat, ring-shaped structures, the center offering space for one of the two bulky sugar chains of the saponins.
(6) In addition, three new cucurbitacin saponins, named brydioside A, B and C have also been obtained.
(7) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
(8) The effect of a preliminary hepatic washing with saline before liver fixation either by perfusion or immersion was compared to the effect of saponin, a membrane-permeabilizing agent, in order to ascertain which procedure is best to obtain a homogeneous distribution of albumin-containing hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule.
(9) Studying fiber bundles (less than 200-microns diameter) from guinea pig papillary muscles skinned with saponin and mechanically skinned single fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle, we find that calcium-induced force oscillations (observed in solutions containing low ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid and pCa 7.0) are enhanced in magnitude and frequency by InsP3 at concentrations as low as 1 microM.
(10) Uptake of the radiolabeled macromolecule dextran, mol wt 70,000, used as a marker for vesicle permeability, was determined by a rapid filtration technique, with uptake defined as substrate associated with the vesicle and releasable after incubation of vesicles with 0.1% saponin.
(11) AFP serum levels were reduced to 60% of the control by zhi-mu saponin (ZMS).
(12) This effect was abolished by inhibitors of streptolysin S (trypan blue) and of streptolysin O and saponin (cholesterol).
(13) While deformability was not affected by a dialysis session, osmotic and saponin resistances to hemolysis were significantly increased after dialysis (p less than 0.001).
(14) Saponin-permeabilized polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme, dose-dependently in response to cupric phenanthroline (CuPh), a mild oxidant, which catalyzes the formation of disulfide bridges.
(15) The inhibitory effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation were not reversed by the addition of histamine to saponin-permeabilized platelets suggesting non-histamine mediated effects of DPPE on Tg-induced aggregation.
(16) In the present studies, human platelets permeabilized with saponin were used to examine Ca2+ movements and dense granule secretion in response to IP3.
(17) In saponin-permeabilized cells, the rate of basal and stimulated LH release was twice that in non-permeabilized cells.
(18) Two highly purified saponin species were tested on LH release by cultured cells; one of them (petersaponin I) appeared responsible for the observed biological effects in vitro.
(19) Monolayers of saponin-permeabilized granule cells accumulate 45Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent manner and the sequestered 45Ca2+ can be concentration-dependently released by Ins(1,4,5)P3 by a stereospecific and heparin-sensitive mechanism.
(20) The NE- and KCl-induced vasoconstrictions and diltiazem-induced vasodilation were not affected by saponin treatment.